夜

夜 U+591C, 夜 ← 夛[U+591B] CJK Unified Ideographs 夝 →[U+591D] Stroke order Stroke order

夜 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)

• 㖡, 液, 鵺, 腋, 掖, 𨿤

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
• Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 285, character 1
• Unihan data for U+591C

simp. and trad. 夜 alternative forms 亱𠙇𠙑𡖍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laːɡs): abbreviated phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”). 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) may also serve as another phonetic component.

In the modern form, the phonetic 亦 (yì) is distorted into 亠 + 亻 + ㇏, with the right-falling stroke ㇏ merging into the semantic 夕 (xī).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).

Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *rV-jak (“day; day (24 hours); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that 夜 (yè) and 夕 (xī) have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.

夜

1. night See also: 晚 晝短夜長／昼短夜长 ― zhòu duǎn yè cháng ― short days and long nights
   • 夜來風雨聲，花落知多少？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]夜来风雨声，花落知多少？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Meng Haoran, 《春曉》, translated by Xu YuanchongYè lái fēngyǔ shēng, huā luò zhī duōshǎo? [Pinyin]After one night of wind and showers, how many are the fallen flowers!
2. (Cantonese) late (in the night) 我呢排晚晚都好夜先返屋企。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]ngo5 ni1 paai4 maan5 maan5 dou1 hou2 je6 sin1 faan1 uk1 kei2. [Jyutping]Recently, I’ve been going home quite late in the night. 我夜啲先走都得。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]ngo5 je6 di1 sin1 zau2 dou1 dak1. [Jyutping]I can leave later in the evening.
3. Classifier for the number of nights. 三天兩夜／三天两夜 ― sān tiān liǎng yè ― three days and two nights
4. (Cantonese) night shift; night work

• “夜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00843

夜

1. (Southern Min) alternative form of 暝

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: よ (yo, 夜, Jōyō)、よる (yoru, 夜, Jōyō)
• Nanori: やす (yasu)

Kanji in this term 夜 よるGrade: 2 kun’yomi

⟨yo1ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日(ひ) (hi, “day”) → 昼(ひる) (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.[1]

Found in the Man’yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, with the phonetic spelling 用流.[1]

Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.

• (Tokyo) よる [yóꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA(key): [jo̞ɾɯ̟]

夜(よる) • (yoru)

1. the night, evening Synonym: 夜間 (yakan) Antonym: 昼 (hiru) 東(とう)京(きょう)の夜(よる)Tōkyō no yoruTokyo nights 夜(よる)の街(まち)を歩(ある)くyoru no machi o arukuto walk the streets at night(literally, “to walk the night streets”) 不(ふ)安(あん)な夜(よる)を過(す)ごすfuan na yoru o sugosuto endure a night of anxiety(literally, “to pass an uneasy night”) 夜(よる)の星(ほし)空(ぞら)を見(み)上(あ)げるyoru no hoshizora o miageruto look up at the night‘s starry sky

夜(よる) • (Yoru)

1. a female given name

Kanji in this term 夜 よGrade: 2 kun’yomi

⟨yo1⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 用.[1]

In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.

• (Tokyo) よ [yóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA(key): [jo̞]

夜(よ) • (yo)

1. (literary) night, evening 『真(ま)夏(なつ)の夜(よ)の夢(ゆめ)』 ― “Manatsu no Yo no Yume” ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream 一(ひと)夜(よ)一(ひと)夜(よ)に人(ひと)見(み)ごろhitoyo hitoyo ni hito mi-goroNight by night, they become better looking. (the mnemonic phrase for the first digits of 2 {displaystyle {sqrt {2}}} : １(ひと).４(よ)１(ひと)４(よ)２(に)１(ひと)３(み)５(ご)６(ろ)…)

• 夕(ゆう) (yū), 夕(ゆう)べ (yūbe)

• “夜”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 夜 (MC yaeH).

Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 양〮 (Yale: yá) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 밤〮 (Yale: pám) 야〯 (Yale: yǎ)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

夜 (eumhun 밤 야 (bam ya))

1. hanja form? of 야 (“night”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

• On (unclassified): や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: ゆー (yū, 夜)、ゆる (yuru, 夜)

• 夜(や)久(く)貝(げー) (yakugē)

Kanji in this term 夜 ゆるGrade: 2 kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

• (Shuri-Naha) ゆる [yúrù] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA(key): [juɾu]

夜(ゆる) (yuru)

1. the night

• 夜(ゆる)昼(ふぃる) (yurufiru)
• 夜(ゆる)夜中(ゆなか) (yuru yunaka)

夜(ゆる) (-yuru)

1. nights 一(ちゅ)夜(ゆる) ― chuyuru ― one night 二(た)夜(ゆる) ― tayuru ― two nights

Kanji in this term 夜 ゆーGrade: 2 kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yo, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yo).

• (Shuri-Naha) ゆう [yúù] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA(key): [juː]

夜(ゆー) (yū)

1. the night

• 夕(ゆー) (yū)

• “ユル” in Haisai Okinawan Dialect.
• “ユル（ゆる）” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary – Ajima.
• “ゆる” in Okinawan Dictionary – KozaWeb.
• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963), 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Kanji in this term 夜 いぃーるGrade: 2

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).

夜(いぃーる) (yīru)

1. the night

From Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Derived from yo1 below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (pi1, “day”) → 晝 (pi1ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.

Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.

夜 (yo1ru) (kana よる)

1. the night, evening Antonym: 晝 (pi1ru)
   • , text here

• 夜晝 (yo1rupi1ru)

• Japanese: 夜 (yoru)

From Proto-Japonic *yo, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).[1]

Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.

夜 (yo1) (kana よ)

1. the night, evening

• Japanese: 夜 (yo)

Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE) and in the Man’yōshū (759 CE) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.

夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)

1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) the night, evening
   • c. 732–739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1) [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man’yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so1⟩ → so).]

• 夕 (yupu)

夜: Hán Việt readings: dạ[1][2][3][4][5][6] 夜: Nôm readings: dà[1][2][7][8], dạ[1][2][7][8], rạ[7][8], giạ[4], dại[7], già[7], rá[7], rà[7]

1. chữ Hán form of dạ (“night”)
2. chữ Nôm form of dạ
   1. (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) yes (answers a question)
   2. An initial particle to express politeness and respect
   3. belly, stomach
3. chữ Nôm form of dại (“wild; naive; mad; crazy”)
4. chữ Nôm form of rá (“bamboo basket”)
5. chữ Nôm form of rà (“used in rườm rà (“lush”)”)
6. chữ Nôm form of rạ (“stubble”)

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Kanji in this term 夜 どぅるGrade: 2

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).

夜(どぅる) (duru)

1. the night