港

港 U+6E2F, 港 ← 渮[U+6E2E] CJK Unified Ideographs 渰 →[U+6E30] 港 U+2F908, 港 ← 洴[U+2F907] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 湮 →[U+2F909] Japanese 港 Simplified 港 Traditional 港

Note that, as in 巷, in Chinese, the bottom is 巳, while in Japanese and Korean, the bottom is 己.

港 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 水廿金山 (ETCU), four-corner 34117, composition ⿰氵巷)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17783
• Dae Jaweon: page 1042, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1668, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6E2F

• Unihan data for U+2F908

simp. and trad. 港 alternative forms 𣽣𣿑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 巷 (OC *ɡroːŋs).

Cognate with 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”) (Schuessler, 2007). The southern dialectal word originally meant “small river/stream”, which is still preserved in some Min languages. The irregular pronunciation in Mandarin (expected Mandarin reflex is *jiǎng) originated from southern dialects where velars have not palatalized (Schuessler, 2007).

港

1. tributary of a larger river or lake
2. (dialectal) river
3. port; harbor 軍港／军港 ― jūngǎng ― naval port 基隆港 ― Jīlóng Gǎng ― Port of Keelung
4. large airport
5. short for 香港 (Xiānggǎng, “Hong Kong”) 港幣／港币 [Cantonese] ― gong2 bai6 [Jyutping] ― Hong Kong dollar 省港 [Cantonese] ― saang2 gong2 [Jyutping] ― Canton-Hong Kong 居港人士 [Cantonese] ― geoi1 gong2 jan4 si6 [Jyutping] ― residents of Hong Kong
6. (colloquial) Hong Kong-styled
7. (Hokkien) Classifier for fluids: stream
8. a surname

• Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation jiǎng.

港

1. only used in 港洞

• “港”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[4], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “港（～口）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.

Shinjitai 港 Kyūjitai[1] 港󠄁港+󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) 港󠄃港+󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi)(Moji_Joho) The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.See here for details.

• 湊

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←こう (kou, historical)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
• Kun: みなと (minato, 港, Jōyō)

Kanji in this term 港 みなとGrade: 3 kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2][3] Reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *minato.

The traditional etymology that Japanese sources trace back to is a compound of 水 (mi-, “water”) +‎ な (na, assimilated apophonic form of の (no, “genitive case marker”)) +‎ 門 (to, “gate”).[3][4][5][6][7]

• However, this does not correlate cleanly with the etymology of 水 (mizu, “water”), reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *mentu (“water”). Then again, there are numerous attested words where 水 (mi) is used as the first and last element in compounds, suggesting either that the derivation of 水 (mizu) might differ.

Vovin, on the other hand suggests that the initial mi- was 御 (mi-, “honorific prefix”), while -na- meant “water”, possibly from Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”).[8] Compare 涙 (namida, “tears”), 菜葱, 水葱 (nagi, “Monochoria vaginalis”), 漬く (nazuku, “soak in water”, obsolete).

• However, this may present semantic difficulties, as any native formation like namida that proposes “water” for the initial nam and “eye” for a following component reverses the usual word-formation pattern for Japanese, where the main or head noun comes last. In addition, the na element appears in other words with no relation to “water”, as an assimilated apophonic form of genitive particle の (no), seen in terms such as 掌 (tanagokoro, “palm of the hand”, literally “hand’s heart/center”), 眼間 (manakai, “where the lines of sight of the eyes converge”, literally “eyes’ exchanging/crossing”).

• IPA(key): [mʲina̠to̞]
• Audio:(file)
• (Tokyo) みなと [mìnátó] (Heiban – [0])[3][4][7][9]

港(みなと) • (minato)

1. [from 720] a sluice; a section of a river to let water in and out
   • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 5, poem 293) もみぢ葉(ば)の流(なが)れてとまる水門(みなと)には紅(くれなゐ)深(ふか)き波(なみ)や立(た)つらむmomiji ba no nagarete tomaru minato niha kurenai fukaki nami ya tatsuramuAt the end of the river gate where there are autumn leaves, there are deep red waves! I shall stop…
2. [from 720] a port, harbor; a place where boats can unload
3. [from 1205] (figurative) a stop

港(みなと) • (Minato)

1. Minato (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)
2. an administrative district in Nagoya prefecture
3. an administrative district in Osaka Prefecture
4. a male given name

• “港”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[5] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 港 (MC kaewngX).

Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 가ᇰ〯 (Yale: kǎng) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[6] 개〮 (Yale: káy) 하ᇰ〯 (Yale: hǎng)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [항(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

港 (eumhun 항구(港口) 항 (hanggu hang))

1. hanja form? of 항 (“harbour; port”) [noun]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [7]

港: Hán Nôm readings: cảng

1. chữ Hán form of cảng (“port; harbor”)