刺

刺 U+523A, 刺 ← 刹[U+5239] CJK Unified Ideographs 刻 →[U+523B] 刺 U+F9FF, 刺 ← 茶[U+F9FE] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 切 →[U+FA00]

刺 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 木月中弓 (DBLN), four-corner 52900, composition ⿰朿刂)

• 䱨 莿 箣 𪮁 𧼕 𠩪 𤷫 𪑟 𦖝 𧌐 𭰩 𮔗

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1969
• Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 333, character 2
• Unihan data for U+523A

• Unihan data for U+F9FF

simp. and trad. 刺 alternative forms 㓨／刾剌 pointed structure𣐁𪑟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ): phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tshyar ~ *g-zyar (“thorn, nail, tack”) (provisional) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཚེར་མ (tsher ma, “thorn, thorn bush”), གཟེར་བ (gzer ba, “to bore into”), and གཟེར (gzer, “nail”) (Schuessler, 2007).

刺 (OC *tsekh) “attack, satirize” (Zuozhuan) < “criticize” (Shijing) < lit. “cause to be stabbed” is exopassive/exoactive derivation of 刺 (OC *tsek) “pierce, stab” (ibid.); 朿 (OC tsʰieC) “thorn” (SW) is Han period’s general tone-C derivation of 刺 (OC *tsʰiek) (ibid.)

刺

1. a pointed structure which is able to pierce something (spike, spine, thorn, prickle, etc.)
2. (literary, or in compounds) visiting card 名刺 ― míngcì ― name card 投刺 ― tóucì ― to submit one’s card (as to tender one’s resignation, etc)
   • 即門者持刺入，而主人又不即出見。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]即门者持刺入，而主人又不即出见。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: c. mid-16th century, Zong Chen ,《報劉一丈書》, translated in English by Lin Yutang, 1960.Jí mén zhě chí cì rù, ér zhǔrén yòu bù jí chū jiàn. [Pinyin]While the concierge goes in with his card, he [the guest] is not asked to go in and is kept waiting.

刺

1. to stab; to prick
2. (literary, or in compounds) to kill discreetly; to assassinate discreetly 被刺 ― bèi cì ― to be assassinated 荊軻刺秦王／荆轲刺秦王 ― Jīng Kē cì qín wáng ― Jing Ke’s [attempted] assassination of the King of Qin
3. (literary, or in compounds) to criticize with pointed words
   • 群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之過者，受上賞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCEQúnchén lìmín, néng miàncì guǎrén zhī guò zhě, shòu shàng shǎng. [Pinyin](please add an English translation of this usage example)
4. (literary, or in compounds) to pry into; to investigate
5. (literary, or in compounds) to stimulate 刺耳 ― cì‘ěr ― ear-piercing
6. (literary, or in compounds or Southern Min) to provoke; to irritate (through light, sound, heat, etc.)
7. (fencing) to thrust; to attack the opponent at an area parallel to the weapon’s length
8. (fencing) thrust 假直刺 ― jiǎ zhí cì ― feint direct thrust
9. a surname, Ci
10. (Hokkien, by extension) to sew; to weave; to knit; to embroider
11. to tattoo
    • 12th c., 朱彧, 萍洲可談: 朱他日在鄉閭見群丐中有刺青眉者…… [MSC, trad.]朱他日在乡闾见群丐中有刺青眉者…… [MSC, simp.]zhū tārì zài xiānglǘ jiàn qún gài zhōng yǒu cì qīng méi zhě…… [Pinyin]Zhu later in his hometown saw among a group of beggars one with tattooed black eyebrows…
12. (Mainland China Hokkien) dazzling; glaring
13. (Mainland China Hokkien) to pick out; to pluck out
14. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expose; to bring to light
15. (Taiwanese Hokkien) prickly and uncomfortable (as if being pricked by needles)
16. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to remind someone during a fight of the number of times one has given favors to that person

• (to stab): 捅 (tǒng), (Hokkien) 𠡡
• (to kill discreetly):

• (to criticize with pointed words):

• (to pry into):

• (to knit):

• (to expose):

刺

1. sound of rubbing

刺

1. only used in 刺促 (qìcù)

For pronunciation and definitions of 刺 – see 赤 (“red, crimson; brown; etc.”).(This character is a variant form of 赤).

• “刺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00347
• (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “刺”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 158.

(Jōyō kanji)

• Kun: とげ (toge, 刺)、いら (ira, 刺)

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH, “spike, thorn; calling card”):

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjek, “prick, stab; criticize with pointed words”):

• Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
• Kan-on: せき (seki)
• Kun: さす (sasu, 刺す, Jōyō)、ささる (sasaru, 刺さる, Jōyō)、そしる (soshiru, 刺る)

• 刺(せっ)客(かく) (sekkaku)
• 刺青(いれずみ) (irezumi)
• 肉刺(まめ) (mame)

Kanji in this term 刺 とげGrade: S kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• 棘

• (Tokyo) とげ [tògéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
• IPA(key): [to̞ɡe̞]

刺(とげ) • (toge)

1. a thorn, prickle
2. a splinter
3. a biting word

Kanji in this term 刺 さ(し)Grade: S kun’yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 刺す (sasu, “to pierce; to prick, sting”).

• 刺し
• (paper string for coins): 緡

• (Tokyo) さし [sàshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
• IPA(key): [sa̠ɕi]

刺(さし) • (sashi)

1. short for 米刺 (komesashi): a small tool used to extract a sample of rice from a bag in order to test its quality
2. (historical) in the Edo period, a paper string used to store ぜに (zeni, “round coins with a square hole in the center”)
3. short for 刺身 (sashimi): sliced pieces of fish or other meat

• 刺(さし)身(み) (sashimi)
• 肉(にく)刺(さし) (nikusashi)
• 絽(ろ)刺(ざし) (rozashi)

Kanji in this term 刺 いらGrade: S kun’yomi Alternative spellings 棘蕁

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *era.

• 苛, 莿

刺(いら) • (ira)

1. a thorn, prickle
2. the spine (needle-like structure) of a fish’s dorsal fin
3. short for 刺草 (irakusa): nettle
4. short for 刺虫 (iramushi): the larva of the 刺蛾 (iraga, “Monema flavescens”), a species of moth
5. the horn-like projections of 金平糖 (konpeitō, “sugar candy of varying colors and flavors”)
6. synonym of 水母 (kurage): a jellyfish

• 刺(イラ)草(クサ) (irakusa), 蕁麻(イラクサ) (irakusa)

Kanji in this term 刺 しGrade: S on’yomi

/si/ → /ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH).

• (Tokyo) し [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA(key): [ɕi]

刺(し) • (shi)

1. a thorn, prickle, needle
2. a calling card, name card Synonyms: 名札 (nafuda), 名刺 (meishi)

刺(し) • (shi)

1. stab, prick
2. criticize with pointed words
3. spike, thorn
4. name card

• “△刺”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [자(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

刺 (eumhun 찌를 자 (jjireul ja))

1. hanja form? of 자 (“spike; thorn”)
2. hanja form? of 자 (“to stab; to prick”)

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjek).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [척]

刺 (eumhun 찌를 척 (jjireul cheok))

1. hanja form? of 척 (“to stab; to prick”)

刺 (eumhun 나무랄 체 (namural che))

1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of 체 (“scold”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

刺: Hán Việt readings: thích, thứ 刺: Nôm readings: chích

1. chữ Nôm form of chích (“to prick”)