川 U+5DDD, 川 ← 巜[U+5DDC] CJK Unified Ideographs 州 →[U+5DDE] Stroke order Stroke order
川 (Kangxi radical 47, 巛+0, 3 strokes, Cangjie input 中中中 (LLL), four-corner 22000, composition ⿲丿丨丨)
- 𠆯, 𠯀, 圳, 汌, 𦘶, 杊, 𤆑, 㸪, 玔, 甽, 𥃹, 𥐣, 紃(𬘓), 𧈶, 𡔠, 訓(训), 𮙰, 䡅, 𫶨, 𪩢, 釧(钏), 馴(驯), 𩵙, 𩾧, 𦤸, 順(顺), 𡵅, 𡿫, 𪯠, 𣅕, 氚, 𫇨, 𤽃, 𥫨, 𥄊, 𥬂, 𪡢, 𩭁, 𨤅
- つ (Hiragana character derived from Man’yōgana)
- ツ (Katakana character derived from Man’yōgana)
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 323, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8673
- Dae Jaweon: page 624, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 32, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5DDD
simp. and trad. 川 alternative forms 巛
Pictogram (象形) of flowing water – compare 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ), 巛, and 𡿧.
The Middle and Old Chinese reconstruction of this word is phonologically problematic (STEDT):
- Karlgren (1957) notes that the Middle Chinese form is irregular based on evidence from Shijing rimes.
- Based on velar contacts in the same phonetic series, e.g. 巛, 甽 and 訓, Baxter (1992) and Schuessler (2007) reconstruct the word with a velar initial (Handel, 1998; Sagart, 1999), which undergoes irregular palatalization in the development to Middle Chinese (Baxter, 1992).
- Based on other characters in the same phonetic series, e.g. 順 and 馴, Sagart (1999), and later, Baxter and Sagart (2014), reconstructs 川 with a lateral initial and suggests that only a *t- prefix would account for the Middle Chinese initial /t͡ɕʰ/.
Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; valley”), whence 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”), 谷 (OC *kloːɡ, “valley”), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung, “river”), Burmese ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream”). STEDT notes that this does not account for the *-n coda.
STEDT instead compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; liquid; river; soak; spit”), whence 涕 (OC *tʰiːlʔ, “tears”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuj (“water; fluid; liquid”), Chepang तीः (“water; rain; river”); this depends on a reconstruction with a dental initial and requires positing an *‑n suffix not present in Tibeto-Burman languages.
川
- (archaic, poetic) river; stream; brook 川流不息 ― chuānliúbùxī ― to flow continuously
- 子在川上，曰：「逝者如斯夫！不舍晝夜。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子在川上，曰：「逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionZǐ zài chuān shàng, yuē: “Shì zhě rúsī fū! Bù shè zhòuyè.” [Pinyin]The Master standing by a stream, said, “It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!”
- (archaic, poetic) plain 一馬平川／一马平川 ― yīmǎpíngchuān ― wide expanse of flat land
- short for 四川 (Sìchuān, “Sichuan Province, China”) 川菜 ― chuāncài ― Sichuan cuisine
- (Taiwanese Mandarin) to boil briefly
- (colloquial) alternative form of 穿 (chuān)
- (Internet slang) short for 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Donald Trump”) 挺川 ― tǐngchuān ― to support Donald Trump 川粉 ― chuānfěn ― Trumpster
- a surname
- 河 (hé), 江 (jiāng), 溪 (xī), and usage note.
- (to boil briefly): 汆 (cuān), 焯 (chāo), 灼 (coek3), 涮 (shuàn)
- “川”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “川”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 226.
- 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “川”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 87.
(First grade kyōiku kanji)
- river
- Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
- Kun: かわ (kawa, 川, Jōyō)←かは (kafa, 川, historical)
- Nanori: か (ka)、こ (ko)、さわ (sawa)
Kanji in this term 川 かわGrade: 1 kun’yomi Alternative spellings 河水
From Old Japanese 川 (kapa),[1] from Proto-Japonic *kapa.[2]
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[3]
- (Kyōto, Ōsaka) かわ [káꜜwà] (Kōki)
- (Tarui) かわ [kàwáꜜ] (Teiki)
- (Kyūshū) かわ [káwà] (type A)
- (Tokyo) かわ [kàwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[4]
- IPA(key): [ka̠β̞a̠]
- (Kagoshima) こお [kóò] (type A)
- (Kagoshima) IPA(key): [ko̞o̞]
川(かわ) • (kawa) ←かは (kafa)?
- river, stream, brook Synonym: 河川 (kasen)
- “川”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026
From Middle Chinese 川 (MC tsyhwen).
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄎᆑᆫ (Yale: chywèn) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5] 내〯 (Yale: nǎy) 쳔 (Yale: chyèn)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [천]
川 (eumhun 내 천 (nae cheon))
- hanja form? of 천 (“river; stream”) [affix]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [6]
川: Hán Nôm readings: xuyên
- chữ Hán form of xuyên (“river”)
