初

初 U+521D, 初 ← 刜[U+521C] CJK Unified Ideographs 刞 →[U+521E] Stroke order

初 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 中尸竹 (LSH), four-corner 37220, composition ⿰衤刀)

• 𢮀, 𦁅, 𫋶, 𪯨, 𭝘, 𤙟, 𤯦, 𠸗, 𩷞, 𪁲, 𠠭

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 137, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1911
• Dae Jaweon: page 310, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 327, character 22
• Unihan data for U+521D

simp. and trad. 初 2nd round simp. 𥘉 alternative forms

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”) – start making clothes by cutting the cloth.

The various 𢀰-shaped glyphs are or are evolved from Zetian characters.

初

1. initial; inceptive 初夏 ― chūxià ― early summer
2. first 初雪 ― chūxuě ― first snow 初戀／初恋 ― chūliàn ― first love
3. prefix of dates from 1st to 10th in the Chinese calendar 初三 ― chūsān ― third day of a lunar month
4. original 初衷 ― chūzhōng ― one’s initial intention; original idea
5. elementary; basic 初級／初级 ― chūjí ― elementary
6. beginning; start 四月初 ― sìyuè chū ― early April 民初 ― mínchū ― beginning of the Republic of China era
7. just 初出茅廬／初出茅庐 ― chūchūmáolú ― to have just begun one’s career without any experience (literally, “to have just come out of one’s thatched cottage”) 如夢初醒／如梦初醒 ― rúmèngchūxǐng ― to suddenly realize; to wake up to reality (literally, “as if one has just waken up from a dream”)
   • 遙想公瑾當年，小喬初嫁了，雄姿英發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: 1082, Su Shi, 念奴嬌·赤壁懷古Yáoxiǎng Gōngjǐn dāngnián, Xiǎoqiáo chū jià le, xióngzīyīngfā. [Pinyin]Recalling the year when Gongjin had just had Xiao Qiao as his wife, robust and beaming with might.

• → Vietnamese: xưa

• “初”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “初”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 139.

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: そ (so)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
• Kun: はじめ (hajime, 初め, Jōyō)、はじめて (hajimete, 初めて, Jōyō)、はつ (hatsu, 初, Jōyō)、うい (ui, 初, Jōyō)←うひ (ufi, 初, historical)、そめる (someru, 初める, Jōyō)、うぶ (ubu, 初)
• Nanori: し (shi)、もと (moto)

• 最(さい)初(しょ) (saisho)
• 初瀬(はせ) (Hase)

Kanji in this term 初 はつGrade: 4 kun’yomi

⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/

From Old Japanese.

Possible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).

• (Tokyo) はつ [hàtsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
• IPA(key): [ha̠t͡sɨ]

• (Tokyo) Note: Generally, words that are Odaka become flat with の (の-particle deaccenting). However, the word 初 does not become deaccented with の and is still pronounced as:

• はつの
• Category:Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent not deaccented before の (Tōkyō)

初(はつ) • (hatsu-)

1. the first…, initial…, new…

初(はつ) • (hatsu)

1. a first, start, a beginning Antonym: 末 (sue) 今年(ことし)初(はつ)のコンサート ― kotoshi hatsu no konsāto ― the first concert of this year
2. (slang) first sexual relations, one’s first time

Kanji in this term 初 ういGrade: 4 kun’yomi

/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/

First attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE,[2] and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.

There is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.

Both ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of “first of something since one has been born”.

Martin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) +‎ 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”.[3] However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of “the day a woman gives birth” rather than “the day someone is born”. Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.

Possibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of “upstream → earlier”) or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).

• (Tokyo) うい [úꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA(key): [ɯ̟i]

初(うい) • (ui) ←うひ (ufi)?

1. [from early 900s] a first, start

• 初(うい)々(うい)しい (uiuishii)
• 初(うい)の子(こ) (ui no ko)
• 初(うい)冠(こうぶり) (uikōburi, “crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony”)

初(うい) • (ui-) ←うひ (ufi-)?

1. [from early 900s] the first of something

Kanji in this term 初 うぶGrade: 4 kun’yomi Alternative spelling 初心

From stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

• (Tokyo) うぶ [úꜜbù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA(key): [ɯ̟bɯ̟]

初(うぶ) • (ubu) -na (adnominal 初(うぶ)な (ubu na), adverbial 初(うぶ)に (ubu ni))

1. innocent
2. inexperienced, green

• 初(うぶ)い (ubui)
• 初(うぶ)刀(がたな) (ubugatana)
• 初(うぶ)声(ごえ) (ubugoe)

Kanji in this term 初 しょGrade: 4 kan’on

From Middle Chinese 初 (MC tsrhjo).

Compare Min Nan 初 (chho͘).

• IPA(key): [ɕo̞]

初(しょ) • (sho)

1. beginning, start
2. first, initial

Kanji in this term 初 そ(め) > ぞ(め)Grade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 初 – see the following entry. 【初ぞめ】 [suffix] for the first time, typically in the current year (This term, 初, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) Kanji in this term 初 はじ(め)Grade: 4 kun’yomi

Nominalization of 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).

• (Tokyo) はじめ [hàjímé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA(key): [ha̠ʑime̞]

初(はじめ) • (Hajime)

1. a male given name

• “△初”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

初 (eumhun 처음 초 (cheo’eum cho))

1. hanja form? of 초 (“beginning; start”)

• 초등학교 (初等學校, chodeunghakgyo, “elementary school”)
• 초보자 (初步者, choboja, “beginner”)

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: はじみ (hajimi, 初み)、はじみてぃ (hajimiti, 初みてぃ)、はち (hachi, 初)、うぃー (wī, 初)、すみゆん (sumiyun, 初みゆん)

From Proto-Ryukyuan *patu.

Cognate with Japanese 初 (hatsu-).

• IPA(key): [hat͡ɕi]

初(はち) (hachi-)

1. the first…, initial…, new…

From Proto-Japonic *patu.

Possible cognates include 始め (pazime, “beginning”), 僅か (patuka, “faint”), and 端 (pa, “edge of something”).

初 (patu-) (kana はつ)

1. the first…, initial…, new…

• Japanese: 初 (hatsu-)

初: Hán Việt readings: sơ (楚(sở)徂(tồ)切(thiết))[1][2][3] 初: Nôm readings: xưa[1][2][3][4][5], sơ[1][2][3][5], xơ[1][2][3], thơ[1][3][4], sờ[1]

初 • (sơ, xưa)

1. chữ Hán form of sơ (“in the initial stage; primary; elementary”)
2. chữ Nôm form of xưa (“old; ancient”)

初 • (xưa)

1. chữ Nôm form of xưa (“a long time ago; old times”)