發

發 U+767C, 發 ← 登[U+767B] CJK Unified Ideographs 白 →[U+767D] Stroke order

發 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+7, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 弓人弓竹水 (NONHE), four-corner 12247, composition ⿱癶𭚧 or ⿹癹弓)

• 㗶, 墢(𫭨), 撥(𫝼/拨), 潑(溌/泼), 橃(𭩰), 襏(袯), 䚨, 𧬋, 蹳(𫏆), 醱(醗/酦), 鏺(䥽), 驋(𩧯), 鱍(𱇣), 㔇, 廢(廃/废), 蕟(𬜧), 癈(㾱/𬏦), 𥳊(𬔹)

• 発 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 发 (Simplified Chinese)
• 𤼵 (Variant in mahjong tilesets)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 784, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22669
• Dae Jaweon: page 1194, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2761, character 4
• Unihan data for U+767C

trad. 發 simp. 发* alternative forms

Pictogram (象形) (OC *pad) — a bow firing an arrow. A hand (攴) was added later, forming 㢭. The hand further turned into the phonetic component 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd), leading to the current form as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声).[1]

STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”).

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”).

A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”).

發

1. to shoot; to launch 發射／发射 ― fāshè ― to shoot; (of space vehicle) to launch
   • 射者正己而後發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]射者正己而后发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionShè zhě zhèng jǐ érhòu fā. [Pinyin]The archer adjusts himself and then shoots.
2. to issue 發布／发布 ― fābù ― to release 發號施令／发号施令 ― fāhàoshīlìng ― to give orders
   • 塗有餓莩而不知發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]涂有饿莩而不知发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionTú yǒu èpiǎo ér bùzhī fā. [Pinyin]There are people dying from famine on the roads, and you do not issue the stores of your granaries for them.
   1. to distribute 發行／发行 ― fāxíng ― to distribute; to circulate; to issue (securities) 發傳單／发传单 ― fā chuándān ― to distribute leaflets 發工資／发工资 ― fā gōngzī ― to pay out wages
   2. to ship; to send for delivery 發貨／发货 ― fāhuò ― to ship goods
   3. to post; to send message 發電／发电 ― fādiàn ― to send a telegram 發微博／发微博 ― fā Wēibó ― to post an update to Weibo 發推特／发推特 ― fā Tuītè ― to post an update to Twitter; to tweet 發錯群／发错群 ― fā cuò qún ― to post to the wrong group 發電子郵件／发电子邮件 ― fā diànzǐyóujiàn ― to send an e-mail
   4. to publish 刊發／刊发 ― kānfā ― to publish (in press media) 發表論文／发表论文 ― fābiǎo lùnwén ― to publish a research work
   5. to emit 發光／发光 ― fāguāng ― to emit light 發音／发音 ― fāyīn ― to pronounce; to vocalise 煥發／焕发 ― huànfā ― (figuratively) to radiate
   6. to escape 發散／发散 ― fāsàn ― to diverge 蒸發／蒸发 ― zhēngfā ― to evaporate 揮發性／挥发性 ― huīfāxìng ― volatility
   7. (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom 發芽／发芽 ― fāyá ― to germinate
      • 紅豆生南國，春來發幾枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]红豆生南国，春来发几枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Wang Wei (王維), c. 8th century, Yearning (《相思》). Translated by Betty Tseng.Hóngdòu shēng nánguó, chūnlái fā jǐzhī. [Pinyin]These red beans grow only in the south,In spring they branch away and flourish.
   8. (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.) 喙齒發出來矣。 [Hokkien, trad.]喙齿发出来矣。 [Hokkien, simp.]Chhùi-khí hoat chhut-lâi ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]The teeth have grown out.
3. to depart; to leave 始發站／始发站 ― shǐfāzhàn ― station of departure 發往北京的列車／发往北京的列车 ― fā wǎng Běijīng de lièchē ― train leaving for Beijing
   • 明朝驛使發，一夜絮征袍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]明朝驿使发，一夜絮征袍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Li Bai (李白), c. 8th century, Ballads of Four Seasons: Winter (《子夜吳歌·冬歌》), translated by Witter Bynner.Míngzhāo yìshǐ fā, yīyè xù zhēngpáo. [Pinyin]The courier will depart next day, she’s told.She sews a warrior’s gown all night.
4. to dispatch 發兵／发兵 ― fābīng ― to dispatch troops 徵發／征发 ― zhēngfā ― to requisition
5. to expand; to extend; to spread 發揚／发扬 ― fāyáng ― to promote 發展／发展 ― fāzhǎn ― to develop; to enhance 發條／发条 ― fātiáo ― coiled spring; clockwork (literally, “expanding strip)”)
   1. to rise; to emerge 發跡／发迹 ― fājì ― to rise to prominence
      • 舜發於畎畝之中。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]舜发于畎亩之中。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionShùn fā yú quǎnmǔ zhīzhōng. [Pinyin]Shun rose from among the channelled fields.
   2. (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune 暴發戶／暴发户 ― bàofāhù ― parvenu/e 他發了。／他发了。 ― Tā fā le. ― He has made a fortune. 伊這氣咧發。 [Hokkien, trad.]伊这气咧发。 [Hokkien, simp.]I chit-khùi leh hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]He’s making a fortune at this time.
   3. (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening 發糕／发糕 ― fāgāo ― fa gao (a porous rice dessert) 麵還沒發好。／面还没发好。 ― Miàn háiméi fā hǎo. ― The dough has not yet fully risen.
      1. (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening 這床發粿有發。 [Hokkien, trad.]这床发粿有发。 [Hokkien, simp.]Chit sn̂g hoat-ké ū hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]This basket of fa gao has bloomed like a flower.
6. to initiate; to give start to 發動／发动 ― fādòng ― to start (an engine) 自發／自发 ― zìfā ― spontaneous; voluntary (literally, “self-initiated”) 後發制人／后发制人 ― hòufāzhìrén ― to overpower the opponent by reacting to their (ill-advised) initiative; to win by not striking the first 激發／激发 ― jīfā ― to stimulate
7. to generate; to produce 發電／发电 ― fādiàn ― to generate electric power
8. to become; to get into a certain state 發燒／发烧 ― fāshāo ― to have a fever 發狂／发狂 ― fākuáng ― to go mad 發呆／发呆 ― fādāi ― to be in a daze 發情／发情 ― fāqíng ― to be in oestrus 發覺／发觉 ― fājué ― to become aware
9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts 發掘／发掘 ― fājué ― to excavate; to unearth; (figurative) to develop 發軔／发轫 ― fārèn ― to start (literally, “to unblock the wheels”) 發現／发现 ― fāxiàn ― to discover; discovery
   • 發丘中郎將／发丘中郎将 ― fāqiū zhōnglángjiàng ― General Mound-Opener (graverobber)
   • 書未發，威后問使者曰：「歲亦無恙耶？民亦無恙耶？王亦無恙耶？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]书未发，威后问使者曰：「岁亦无恙耶？民亦无恙耶？王亦无恙耶？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCEShū wèi fā, Wēihòu wèn shǐzhě yuē: “Suì yì wúyàng yé? Mín yì wúyàng yé? Wáng yì wúyàng yé?” [Pinyin]Without opening the letter (bearing the envoy’s credentials), the Queen Dowager Wei asked the envoy: “Are the crops good? Are the people content? Is the King in good health?”
10. to make manifest; to express; to act out 發誓／发誓 ― fāshì ― to swear an oath 發怒／发怒 ― fānù ― to act out one’s anger; to hit out 揭發／揭发 ― jiēfā ― to expose (wrongdoing, scandal, etc.) 發表意見／发表意见 ― fābiǎo yìjiàn ― to express one’s opinions 發愁／发愁 ― fāchóu ― to be anxious
11. (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate 發明／发明 ― fāmíng ― to explain clearly; to invent 啟發／启发 ― qǐfā ― to inspire; to enlighten
    • 退而省其私，亦足以發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]退而省其私，亦足以发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionTuì ér xǐng qí sī, yì zúyǐ fā. [Pinyin]He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings.
12. Classifier for ammunition. 一發炮彈／一发炮弹 ― yī fā pàodàn ― one shell
13. (slang) Classifier for ejaculation.
14. (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out 藥性未發。 [Hokkien, trad.]药性未发。 [Hokkien, simp.]Io̍h sèng bē hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]The effect of the medicine hasn’t shown yet.
15. (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten 米囥甲發去。 [Hokkien, trad.]米囥甲发去。 [Hokkien, simp.]Bí khǹg kah hoat khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]The rice was stored until it went bad.
16. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water 灰發甲真透。 [Hokkien, trad.]灰发甲真透。 [Hokkien, simp.]Hoe hoat kah chin thàu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]The lime reacted with water pretty thoroughly.
17. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.)

• (to distribute):

Others:

• Old Turkic: pat-la (explode)
  • Turkmen: patlamak (commo), partlamak (standard)
  • Turkish: patlamak
  • Azerbaijani: partlamaq
  • Chagatai: پارتلماق (pārtlmāq)
    • Uzbek: portlamoq
    • Uyghur: پارتىلاماق (partilamaq)

發

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bent; crooked
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”)

發

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)

For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see 暴 (“to sprout”).(This character is a variant form of 暴).

• “發”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “发”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Shinjitai 発 Kyūjitai 發

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 発)

1. Kyūjitai form of 発

• Go-on: ほち (hochi)、ほつ (hotsu)
• Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
• Kun: あばく (abaku, 發く)、おこる (okoru, 發る)、たつ (tatsu, 發つ)、つかわす (tsukawasu, 發わす)←つかはす (tukafasu, 發はす, historical)、はなつ (hanatsu, 發つ)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、おき (oki)、しげ (shige)、ちか (chika)、とき (toki)、なり (nari)、のぶ (nobu)、のり (nori)、よし (yoshi)

Kanji in this term 發 はつHyōgai kan’on For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see the following entry. 【発】3 [kanji] third grade kanji [kanji] set off, depart [kanji] start from [kanji] emit [kanji] discharge [kanji] disclose [kanji] occur (This term, 發, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) Kanji in this term 發 ハツHyōgai irregular For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see the following entry. 【𤼵】H [kanji] hyōgai kanji (This term, 發, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

From Middle Chinese 發 (MC pjot).

Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 버ᇙ〮 (Yale: pélq) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 베플 (Yale: peyphul) 발 (Yale: pal)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠ɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [발]

發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))

1. hanja form? of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix]
2. hanja form? of 발 (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

發: Hán Nôm readings: phát, phắt, phết

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