時

時 U+6642, 時 ← 晁[U+6641] CJK Unified Ideographs 晃 →[U+6643] Stroke order Stroke order

時 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 日土木戈 (AGDI), four-corner 64041, composition ⿰日寺)

• 塒 (埘), 溡 (𪶄), 榯 (𰗨), 鰣 (鲥), 嵵 (𱛬), 蒔 (莳)

• 时 (Simplified Chinese)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 494, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13890
• Dae Jaweon: page 859, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1505, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6642

trad. 時 simp. 时 alternative forms 旹时峕𣅱㫑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯ): semantic 日 (“sun; day”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs). The phonetic component however represents a footprint pointing up, which could be linked to the concept of the movement of the sun and hence the passing of time.

In ancient scripts, it had the form 旹, with 之 (OC *tjɯ) as the phonetic instead (as well as a reference to the passing of time). The component 寸 was added later.

“time”, “duration” From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “to go; to proceed”) + endopassive voicing + endoactive tone B (OC *-ʔ > expected MC 上聲), literally “that which is proceeding” (Schuessler, 2007). The glottal stop was however lost, probably due to confusion with the pronoun sense. “this” An unemphatic form of 是 (OC *djeʔ, “this”) (Pulleybank, 1995). Cognate with 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; third-person pronoun”) (Schuessler, 2007).

時

1. season 四時／四时 ― sìshí ― four seasons 農時／农时 ― nóngshí ― farming season
2. time (a duration) 那時／那时 ― nàshí ― at that time 平時／平时 ― píngshí ― normally; usually 上課時不要玩手機。 [MSC, trad.]上课时不要玩手机。 [MSC, simp.]Shàngkè shí bùyào wán shǒujī. [Pinyin]Do not use your phone when in class.
   • 少之時，血氣未定，戒之在色。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]少之时，血气未定，戒之在色。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionShào zhī shí, xuèqì wèi dìng, jiè zhī zài sè. [Pinyin]In youth, when the constitution of his body is not yet formed, he should beware of lust.
3. time (the passing of time) 沉寂多時／沉寂多时 ― chénjì duōshí ― to have remained silent for a long time 時不我待／时不我待 ― shíbùwǒdài ― time waits not for us
   • 及年歲之未晏兮，時亦猶其未央。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]及年岁之未晏兮，时亦犹其未央。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CEJí niánsuì zhī wèi yàn xī, shí yì yóu qí wèiyāng. [Pinyin]While we are still young, we have plenty of time to put our talent to good use.
4. times; years; era 古時／古时 ― gǔshí ― ancient times 時移世易／时移世易 ― shíyíshìyì ― times have changed and so have things
5. time; fixed time 按時／按时 ― ànshí ― on time; on schedule
   • 孺子蚤寢晏起，唯所欲，食無時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]孺子蚤寝晏起，唯所欲，食无时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCERúzǐ zǎoqǐnyànqǐ, wéi suǒ yù, shí wú shí. [Pinyin]The children go earlier to bed, and get up later, according to their pleasure. There is no fixed time for their meals.
6. double-hour 子時／子时 ― zǐshí ― the hours of the rat (11:00pm to 1:00am)
7. hour; o’clock (mainly in formal writing) Synonym: 點 / 点 (diǎn) 八時一刻／八时一刻 ― bā shí yīkè ― a quarter past eight o’clock
8. opportunity; chance
   • 好從事而亟失時，可謂知乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionHào cóngshì ér qì shīshí, kě wèi zhī hū? [Pinyin]Can he be called wise, who is anxious to be employed and yet misses every chance that comes to him of being employed?
9. current; contemporary 時事／时事 ― shíshì ― current affairs 時局／时局 ― shíjú ― current political situation
10. that time
    • 科斗書廢已久，時人無能知者 [Classical Chinese, trad.]科斗书废已久，时人无能知者 [Classical Chinese, simp.]kēdǒushū fèi yǐ jiǔ, shírén wú néng zhī zhě [Pinyin]The ancient writing has been obsolete for a long time, and now there are none who can read it.
    • 時雞鳴月落，星光照曠野，百步見人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]时鸡鸣月落，星光照旷野，百步见人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]Shí jīmíng yuèluò, xīngguāng zhào kuàngyě, bǎi bù jiàn rén. [Pinyin]It was cockcrow then, and the moon had already set. On the starlit fields the visibility was so good that people could see one another within a hundred paces.
11. occasionally; from time to time 時快時慢／时快时慢 ― shí kuài shí màn ― sometimes fast, sometimes slow; in a variable speed 時有發生／时有发生 ― shí yǒu fāshēng ― to occur from time to time
12. (Weitou Cantonese) or
    • 你中意吃粥時吃飯？ [Cantonese, trad.]你中意吃粥时吃饭？ [Cantonese, simp.]nei5 zung1 ji3 hek3 zuk1 si4 hek3 faan6? [Jyutping]Do you prefer eating congee or rice?
13. (literary) timely
    • 孔子，聖之時者也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]孔子，圣之时者也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionKǒngzǐ, shèng zhī shí zhě yě. [Pinyin]Confucius was the timely sage.
14. (obsolete) beautiful; good
    • 爾酒既旨、爾殽既時。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]尔酒既旨、尔淆既时。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionĚr jiǔ jì zhǐ, ěr yáo jì shí. [Pinyin]Since your spirits are [so] good, and your viands are all of the season.
15. (obsolete) this
    • 時日曷喪？予及汝偕亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]时日曷丧？予及汝偕亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCEShí rì hé sàng? Yú jí rǔ xié wáng. [Pinyin]Oh this sun (as self-proclaimed by Xia Jie), may you perish betimes, even though I perish with you!
16. (grammar) tense 過去時／过去时 ― guòqùshí ― past tense
17. a surname

Others:

• → Vietnamese: giờ

• “時”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01794
• “時”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: とき (toki, 時, Jōyō)
• Nanori: これ (kore)、ちか (chika)、はる (haru)、もち (mochi)、ゆき (yuki)、よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

• 時化(しけ) (shike)
• 時雨(しぐれ) (shigure)
• 時計(とけい) (tokei)
• 時鳥(ほととぎす) (hototogisu)

Kanji in this term 時 ときGrade: 2 kun’yomi Alternative spellings 刻 (rare)時代

⟨to2ki1⟩ → */təkʲi/ → /toki/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təki. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation.

• Possibly a fusion of 常 (toko-, prefix for “always, unchanging”) +‎ い (i, Old Japanese nominal particle).

However, the sense of “unchanging” does not fit well with the sense of “the passing of time”. Separately, the phonetics of Old Japanese ⟨ki1⟩ → /kʲi/ appear to contraindicate a fusion of /ko/ + /i/, which resulted in ⟨ki2⟩ → /kʷi/ as seen at 木.

• Possibly derived from or otherwise related to 疾し (toshi, “sharp; happening quickly”), cognate with 研ぐ (togu, “to sharpen”).

However, the historical spelling of toshi was to1(si), as in 那杼佐祁流斗米 (nado1 sake1ru to1 me2, “why do you have knife cutting eyes”).[2]

• Possibly related to 年 (toshi, “year”).

• (Tokyo) とき [tòkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3][4][5]
• (Tokyo) とき [tóꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1]) when preceded by a modifier
• IPA(key): [to̞kʲi]

時(とき) • (toki)

1. time 時(とき)の流(なが)れ ― toki no nagare ― the flow of time
   • 動(うご)くな‼じっとしてるんだ‼時(と)間(き)が来(く)れば犯(はん)人(にん)は自(じ)分(ぶん)から名(な)のり出(で)る‼Ugoku na‼ Jitto shiteru n da‼ Toki ga kureba hannin wa jibun kara nanorideru‼Nobody move‼ Keep still‼ When the time comes, the culprit will show their true identity of their own accord‼
   1. an event, case, occasion, moment; a specific period in time 困(こま)った時(とき)は私(わたし)に相(そう)談(だん)してください。Komatta toki wa watashi ni sōdan shite kudasai.Please consult with me when troubled (in times of trouble).
   2. a time of something
   3. (literary) the time during which a narrative takes place 時(とき)は冬(ふゆ)toki wa fuyuIt was winter, […]
   4. This term needs a translation to English (is this usage example expressing the same sense as above?). Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. 時(とき)の大統領(だいとうりょう)toki no daitōryōcontemporary president; president at the time
2. a season
3. a tense

• → Yami: toki

時(どき) • (-doki)

1. time of…, time for…

時(とき) • (Toki)

1. a female given name

• “時／とき”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003-2026.

Kanji in this term 時 じGrade: 2 goon

/ʑi/ → /ʑi//d͡ʑi/

From Middle Chinese 時 (MC dzyi).

• IPA(key): [d͡ʑi]

• The pitch accent depends on the entire appended word.

時(じ) • (-ji)

1. hour, o’clock 時(と)計(けい)を見(み)ると、ちょうど １２(じゅうに)時(じ) ３４(さんじゅうよん)分(ぷん) ５６(ごじゅうろく)秒(びょう)だった。Tokei o miru to, chōdo jūni-ji sanjūyon-pun gojūroku-byō datta.When I looked at the clock, it was just 12:34 and 56 seconds.
   • オラ、夏(なつ)木(き)六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！６(ろく)月(がつ)３(みっ)日(か)の４(よ)時(じ)に生(う)まれだから六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)‼まんずよろしく‼Ora, Natsuki Musashi! Rokugatsu mikka no yoji ni umareda kara Musashi‼ Manzu yoroshiku‼Mah name’s Natsuki Musashi! It’s Musashi because ah was born on June 3 at four o’clock!! Nice to meet y’all!!

NumberKanjiKanaRomaji1一時いちじichiji2二時にじniji3三時さんじsanji4四時よじyoji5五時ごじgoji6六時ろくじrokuji7七時しちじ、ななじshichiji, nanaji8八時はちじhachiji9九時くじkuji10十時じゅうじjūji11十一時じゅういちじjūichiji12十二時じゅうにじjūniji0０時、零時れいじ、ゼロじreiji, zeroji?何時なんじnanji

時(じ) • (-ji)

1. at the time of…

時(じ) • (ji)

1. time, moment
2. at that time, chance, occasion
3. hour, hourly

Kanji in this term 時 さだGrade: 2 irregular

Either a sound shift from,[3] or cognate with,[6] Old Japanese しだ (sida → shida, “time, circumstance”).

• ⟨sida⟩ → ⟨sada⟩ → */saⁿda/ → /sada/

or:

• ⟨sada⟩ → */saⁿda/ → /sada/

• IPA(key): [sa̠da̠]

時(さだ) • (sada)

1. (obsolete) only used in 時過ぐ (sada sugu): to pass through the prime of life, grow old

• “時”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 時 (MC dzyi).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi]
• Phonetic hangul: [시]

時 (eumhun 때 시 (ttae si))

1. Hanja form? of 시 (“time; hour; season”).
2. Hanja form? of 시 (“era; age; period”).
3. Hanja form? of 시 (“opportunity; chance”).
4. Hanja form? of 시 (“correct, right, excellent, great, good, nice, beautiful, fine, well”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

From Proto-Japonic *təki.

時 (to2ki1) (kana とき)

1. a time, moment (in time), occasion

• Japanese: 時 (toki)

Sound shift from しだ (sida, “time, circumstance”).[1]

時 (sada) (kana さだ)

1. only used in 時過ぐ (sada sugu): to pass through the prime of life, grow old

• Japanese: 時 (sada)

時: Hán Việt readings: thì, thời 時: Nôm readings: thì, thời

時 • (thì)

1. chữ Hán form of thì (“time”)

時 • (thời)

1. chữ Hán form of thời (“now; presently; nowadays; at that time; at that moment”)