徒

徒 U+5F92, 徒 ← 徑[U+5F91] CJK Unified Ideographs 従 →[U+5F93]

徒 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 竹人土卜人 (HOGYO), four-corner 24281, composition ⿰彳走)

• 蓗

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10121
• Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 823, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5F92

simp. and trad. 徒 alternative forms

Small seal script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l’aː): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l’aːʔ). Later corrupted into 彳 + 走.

徒

1. to be on foot
   • 以吾從大夫之後，不可徒行也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]以吾从大夫之后，不可徒行也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionYǐ wú cóng dàfū zhīhòu, bùkě tú xíng yě. [Pinyin]For, to follow in the rear of the great officers, it was not proper that I should walk on foot.
   • 顧見綦母先生，班白而徒行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]顾见綦母先生，班白而徒行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Western Jin, 魯褒, 錢神論Gù jiàn Qímǔ xiānshēng, bān bái ér tú xíng. [Pinyin]He saw Mr. Qimu, who had graying hair yet was travelling on foot.
2. foot soldier
3. disciple; follower; adherent
4. religious follower; apostle; worshipper
5. the likes of Synonym: friend
   • 聖人無常師：孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其賢不及孔子。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]圣人无常师：孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Han Yu, 師說 (shīshuō)Shèngrén wú cháng shī: Kǒngzǐ shī Tánzǐ, Chánghóng, Shīxiāng, Lǎodān. Tánzǐ zhī tú, qí xián bùjí kǒngzǐ. [Pinyin]The wise man does not have an invariable teacher: Confucius learned from Tanzi, Chang Hong, Shixiang, and Laozi. The likes of Tanzi are not more virtuous than Confucius.
6. prison sentence 無期徒刑／无期徒刑 ― wúqī túxíng ― life imprisonment (literally, “Sentence of indefinite imprisonment”)
7. (derogatory) suffix for people with certain characteristics 暴徒 ― bàotú ― thug 歹徒 ― dǎitú ― ruffian
   • 走！復入言沛公，吾高陽酒徒也，非儒人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]走！复入言沛公，吾高阳酒徒也，非儒人也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCEZǒu! Fù rù yán Pèigōng, wú Gāoyáng jiǔtú yě, fēi rúrén yě. [Pinyin]Depart! Make haste! Go back in there and tell the Prince of Pei again that I am the Drunkard of Gaoyang; I’m no ‘scholar!’
8. bare; plain 徒跣 ― túxiǎn ― barefoot 徒手 ― túshǒu ― with one’s bare hands
9. merely; only; just
   • 徒善不足以為政，徒法不能以自行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]徒善不足以为政，徒法不能以自行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionTú shàn bùzú yǐ wéi zhèng, tú fǎ bùnéng yǐ zì xíng. [Pinyin]Virtue alone is not sufficient for the exercise of government; laws alone cannot carry themselves into practice.
   • 助之長者，揠苗者也。非徒無益，而又害之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]助之长者，揠苗者也。非徒无益，而又害之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionZhù zhī zhǎng zhě, yà miáo zhě yě. Fēi tú wúyì, ér yòu hài zhī. [Pinyin]They who assist it to grow long, pull out their corn. What they do is not only of no benefit to the nature, but it also injures it
10. in vain; unsuccessfully; to no avail 徒勞／徒劳 ― túláo ― to be futile
11. a surname

• “徒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01288

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. going on foot[1]
2. empty-handed
3. useless, in vain
4. disciple
5. a party, a gang
6. criminal, penal servitude
7. only

• Go-on: ず (zu)←づ (du, historical)
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kun: いたずら (itazura, 徒)←いたづら (itadura, 徒, historical)、いたずらに (itazura ni, 徒に)←いたづらに (itadura ni, 徒に, historical)、あだ (ada, 徒)、かち (kachi, 徒)、かし (kashi, 徒)、ともがら (tomogara, 徒)、むだ (muda, 徒)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)

Kanji in this term 徒 いたずらGrade: 4 kun’yomi

• IPA(key): [ita̠zɨɾa̠]

徒(いたずら) • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)?†-nari

1. useless, pointless, fruitless
2. unsatisfied because there is nothing to be; tasteless
3. in idleness

徒(いたずら) • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)?

1. a kind of women’s hairstyle in the late Edo period

• 徒(いたず)らに (itazura ni, “uselessly, pointlessly”)
• 悪戯(いたずら) (itazura, “prank, mischief”)

Kanji in this term 徒 あだGrade: 4 kun’yomi

• (Tokyo) あだ [àdáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA(key): [a̠da̠]

徒(あだ) • (ada) †-nari

1. useless, fruitless 一度(いちど)限(かぎ)りの人生(じんせい)を徒(あだ)にしてしまうichido kagiri no jinsei o ada ni shiteshimauto make one’s one-time life gone ruined
2. (now rare) ephemeral, temporary
3. (now rare) fickle, frivolous
4. (now rare) slack, lukewarm
5. (historical, poetry) the term of the 蕉風俳諧(しょうふうはいかい) (shōfūhaikai, “Bashō style haikai”) to indicate innocent and humorous style

Kanji in this term 徒 かちGrade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. 【かち】 [noun] 徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩: (dated) walking, going on foot [noun] 徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩, 徒士: (historical) a lower-level samurai who accompanies with the master in walking and goes on the beginning of the parade (This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 徒 ただGrade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. 【ただタダ】 [noun] 徒, 只: ordinary, common, nothing special 【ただ】 [adjective] 徒, 只: ordinary, simple [adjective] 徒, 只: nothing (This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 徒 むだGrade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. 【無駄むだ】 [adjective] useless, pointless; meaningless [adjective] wasteful [noun] uselessness; no good; being in vain; futility [noun] waste (This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 徒 とGrade: 4 kan’on

• (Tokyo) と [tóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA(key): [to̞]

徒(と) • (to)

1. fellows, same kind people; a set, a party, a gang Synonyms: 輩 (yakara), 輩 (tomogara)

• 口(こう)舌(ぜつ)の徒(と) (kōzetsu no to)
• 市(し)井(せい)の徒(と) (shisei no to)

Kanji in this term 徒 ずGrade: 4 goon

• (Tokyo) ず [zúꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA(key): [d͡zɨ]

徒(ず) • (zu) ←づ (du)?

1. (historical) one of the punishments in the ancient Ritsuryō system; penal servitude Synonyms: 徒刑 (tokei), 懲役 (chōeki)

• 徒(ず)罪(ざい) (zuzai)
• 徒(ず)人(にん) (zunin)
• 流(る)徒(ず) (ruzu)

Kanji in this term 徒 かしGrade: 4 kun’yomi

⟨kasi⟩ → /kaɕi/

From an eastern dialectal form of Old Japanese. Cognate with Modern Japanese かち (kachi, “walking, going on foot”).

• (Tokyo) かし [káꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA(key): [ka̠ɕi]

徒(かし) • (kashi)

1. (Classical Japanese, dialectal) obsolete form of かち (kachi): walking, going on foot
   • 阿加胡麻乎(あかごまを)　夜麻努尓波賀志(やまのにはがし)　刀里加尓弖(とりかにて)　多麻能余許夜麻(たまのよこやま)　加志(かし)由加也良牟(ゆかやらむ) [Man’yōgana]赤駒(あかごま)を　山野(やまの)に放(はが)し　捕(と)りかにて　多摩(たま)の横山(よこやま)　徒(かし)ゆか遣(や)らむ [Modern spelling]<Akago1ma wo yamano1 ni pagasi to1rikanite Tama no2 yo2ko2yama kasi yuka yaramu>→ Akagoma o yamano ni hagashi torikanite Tama no yokoyama kashi yuka yaramuHaving our red horse pastured on the mountain field, but we couldn’t catch it; so I’ll send him, who’ll go on foot through the mountains on the side of Tama.

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

Kanji in this term 徒 ともがらGrade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. 【ともがら】 [noun] fellows, folks (This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

• “△徒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 徒 (MC du). Recorded as Middle Korean 도 (two) (Yale: two) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

徒 (eumhun 무리 도 (muri do))

1. hanja form? of 도 (“party; gang; group; disciple”)
2. hanja form? of 도 (“going on foot”)
3. hanja form? of 도 (“useless; in vain”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

徒: Hán Nôm readings: đồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.