強 U+5F37, 強 ← 弶[U+5F36] CJK Unified Ideographs 弸 →[U+5F38] Japanese 強 Simplified 强 Traditional 強
強 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 弓戈中戈 (NILI), four-corner 13236, composition ⿰弓𧈧 or ⿸弘虫)
- 摾, 漒, 膙, 襁, 糨, 繈, 鏹, 嵹, 蔃, 犟, 謽
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 359, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9815
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 999, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5F37
Zhengzhang (2003): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ): phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ) + semantic 虫 (“insect”). Ji Xusheng (2014) gives 𪪺 as the phonetic component instead. Original form of 𧖑 (“rice weevil”). Later borrowed to represent 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ): phonetic 弘 (OC *ɡʷɯːŋ) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).
The character 強 likely originally referred to the rice weevil, an insect that attacks rice and several other crops, before being phonetically borrowed to represent the sense of “strong; powerful”, which was previously represented by the character 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ).
(egg): Typo of 蛋; they have the same keystrokes in Simplified Cangjie.
trad. 強/强 simp. 强 alternative forms 彊𧖑
強
- strong; powerful; energetic
- to strengthen
- staunch; strong-willed
- brutal; forceful 強拖乘客下機／强拖乘客下机 ― qiángtuō chéngkè xiàjī ― to forcefully drag a passenger off the plane
- capable; of a high level
- superior; better
- slightly more than; plus 四分之一強／四分之一强 ― sì fēnzhī yī qiáng ― a bit more than a fourth
- 束緼宵行十里强，挑得詩囊，抛了衣囊。 [Ci, trad.]束缊宵行十里强，挑得诗囊，抛了衣囊。 [Ci, simp.]From: c. 1239, Liu Kezhuang（劉克莊）,一剪梅•余赴廣東實之夜餞於風亭Shù yùn xiāo xíng shílǐ qiáng, tiǎo dé shī náng, pāo le yī náng. [Pinyin]With burning hemps, I walked for more than ten li. Carrying on my shoulders a bundle of poetry books, And the parcel of garments I threw into brooks.
- final contestants in a competition; finalist 八強／八强 ― bāqiáng ― quarterfinals
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, sometimes deliberate) misspelling of 蛋 (dàn)
- (strong): (literary) 鴻／鸿 (hóng)
- 弱 (ruò)
trad. 強/强 simp. 强 alternative forms 彊
強
- to force; to compel; to coerce 勉強／勉强 ― miǎnqiǎng ― to force somebody to do something
- to strive
trad. 強/强 simp. 强 alternative forms 犟勥彊
強
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) hard; stiff
- stubborn; obstinate
- a surname
For pronunciation and definitions of 強 – see 勥 (“to compel; valiant; etc.”).(This character is a variant form of 勥).
- “強”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
- strong Antonym: 弱
- strength
- powerful
- potent
- Go-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Tō-on: がん (gan)
- Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 強い, Jōyō)、つよまる (tsuyomaru, 強まる, Jōyō)、つよめる (tsuyomeru, 強める, Jōyō)、しいる (shiiru, 強いる, Jōyō)←しひる (sifiru, 強ひる, historical)、こわい (kowai, 強い)、あながち (anagachi, 強ち)、したたか (shitataka, 強か)、つとめる (tsutomeru, 強める)
Kanji in this term 強 きょうGrade: 2 on’yomi
(as a noun)
- (Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [kʲo̞ː]
強(きょう) • (kyō) ←きやう (kyau)?
- strength
強(きょう) • (-kyō) ←きやう (-kyau)?
- (of lengths of time) slightly more than
- 弱(じゃく) (-jaku)
Kanji in this term 強 つよしGrade: 2 kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨjo̞ɕi]
強(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
- a male given name
- 强
From Middle Chinese 強 (MC gjang, “strong”).
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 까ᇰ (Yale: kkàng) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 힘〮셀〯 (Yale: hím sěyl) 가ᇰ (Yale: kàng)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [강]
強 (eumhun 강할 강 (ganghal gang))
- hanja form? of 강 (“strong; strength”) Antonym: 弱 (약 (yak))
From Middle Chinese 強 (MC gjangX, “make an effort”).
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 까ᇰ〮 (Yale: kkáng) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 힘ᄡᅳᆯ (Yale: him psul) 강 (Yale: kang)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [강(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
強 (eumhun 힘쓸 강 (himsseul gang))
- hanja form? of 강 (“to force; to coerce”)
- hanja form? of 강 (“stubborn; obstinate”)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
強: Hán Việt readings: cường, cưỡng 強: Nôm readings: càng, cượng, cướng, gắng, cường, gàn, ngượng, cưỡng, gương, gượng, gàng
- 強國 (cường quốc)
強 • (càng)
- chữ Hán form of cường (“strong”)
- chữ Nôm form of càng (“With a comparative or verb phrase, establishes a parallel with one or more other such comparatives.; all the more, all the less”)
- chữ Hán form of gượng (“strained; forced; unnatural”)
- Lê Sơn Thanh, “Nom-Viet.dat”, WinVNKey (details)
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
