床

床 U+5E8A, 床 ← 庉[U+5E89] CJK Unified Ideographs 庋 →[U+5E8B] Stroke order

床 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 戈木 (ID) or 難戈木 (XID), four-corner 00294, composition ⿸广木)

• 𠳹, 𢃅, 𢭩, 𣵄, 𤉜, 𦀾, 𠒥, 𨁤, 𨌟, 𨧖, 𪁱 (𬸐)

• 麻, 凩

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 343, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
• Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 873, character 20
• Unihan data for U+5E8A

trad. 床/牀 simp. 床

Originally an unorthodox variant of 牀. Now made up of 广 (“house”) + 木 (“tree”), an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) representing a wooden furniture item (a bed) in a house.

Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “to support from below”), Old Mon [script needed] (joṅ, “couch; bedstead”). Compare also Burmese စင် (cang, “platform, stage”) (Luce, 1981).

Baxter & Sagart (2014) reconstructs OC prefixal *k- based on Vietic evidences: cf. Maleng [Brô] kacɨəŋ, Maleng [Kha Pong] kəcɨːŋ² , Chut [Sách, Rục] kəcɨːŋ².

床

1. bed; couch (Classifier: 張／张 m c)
2. framework; chassis 車床／车床 ― chēchuáng ― lathe 牙床 ― yáchuáng ― gingiva
3. (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) table
4. (obsolete) rails of the well
5. bottom; bed 河床 ― héchuáng ― riverbed 岩床 ― yánchuáng ― sill
6. Classifier for beddings. 一床棉被 ― yī chuáng miánbèi ― one cotton-wadded quilt

Others:

• → Bouyei: xaangz (“bed”)
• → Zhuang: congz (“bed”)
• → Proto-Vietic: *k-ɟəːŋ (“bed”)
  • Vietnamese: giường
  • Chut: kəcɨːŋ²

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: じょう (jō)←じやう (zyau, historical)
• Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
• Kan’yō-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
• Kun: ゆか (yuka, 床, Jōyō)、とこ (toko, 床, Jōyō)、ゆかしい (yukashii, 床しい)

• 胡床(あぐら) (agura)
• 火床(ほど) (hodo)

Kanji in this term 床 ゆかGrade: S kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.

According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to “not going”, in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.

• (Tokyo) ゆか [yùká] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA(key): [jɯ̟ka̠]

床(ゆか) • (yuka)

1. the floor (the bottom surface of a room) 床(ゆか)を掃(は)くyuka o hakuto sweep the floor
2. a bed
3. (theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits
4. a raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant

• (antonym(s) of “floor”): 天(てん)井(じょう) (tenjō): ceiling

• (floor): 壁(かべ) (kabe): wall

Kanji in this term 床 とこGrade: S kun’yomi

⟨to2ko2⟩ → /toko/

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the Man’yōshū, completed in 759.[3][4]

Possibly an ancient compound of ⟨to1⟩ (Proto-Japonic *to (“place”), as in 跡 ⟨ato1⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko2ko2⟩, “here”, from “this place”).

• (Tokyo) とこ [tòkó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA(key): [to̞ko̞]

床(とこ) • (toko)

1. a raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat
2. a raised area on which to sleep: a bed
3. a sickbed
4. the floor
5. tatami mats
6. the seat of an oxcart
7. short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room
8. an alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsuke shoin)
9. a box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium
10. short for 床店 (tokomise): a stall with a raised floor used as a store
11. short for 床屋 (tokoya): a barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise
12. (nautical) short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated
13. the heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare
14. (horticulture) short for 苗床 (naedoko): a seedbed
15. short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): an anvil

• (sickbed): 病(びょう)床(しょう) (byōshō), 病(びょう)褥(じょく) (byōjoku)

Kanji in this term 床 しょうGrade: S kan’yōon Alternative spelling 牀

/ʑau/ → /ɕau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 床 (MC dzrjang). Devoicing apparently occurred after borrowing.

• (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA(key): [ɕo̞ː]

床(しょう) • (shō)

1. boarded floor
2. bed
3. a seat

床(しょう) • (-shō) ←しやう (-syau)?

1. beds

• “床”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

床 (eumhun 평상 상 (pyeongsang sang))

1. hanja form? of 상 (“bed, couch; framework, chassis”)

床: Hán Việt readings: sàng[1][2][3][4][5][6] 床: Nôm readings: sàng[1][2][3][4][5][6], giường[1][2][3][4], giàng[1][2][3], giàn[2][3][4], nhàng[1], rương[3], sường[4]

1. chữ Nôm form of giường (“bed”)
2. chữ Nôm form of nhàng (“(used in nhẹ nhàng) light; gentle; soft”)
3. chữ Nôm form of ràng (“(used in rõ ràng) clear, obvious, evident”)
4. chữ Nôm form of sàng
   1. (used in sẵn sàng) ready; prepared
   2. (used in sỗ sàng) impolite; tactless