千 U+5343, 千 ← 卂[U+5342] CJK Unified Ideographs 卄 →[U+5344] Stroke order Stroke order
千 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+1, 3 strokes, Cangjie input 竹十 (HJ), four-corner 20400, composition ⿱丿十)
- 仟, 吀, 圲, 奷, 忏, 扦, 汘, 阡, 杄, 歼, 䀒, 䄭, 竏, 粁, 䊹, 纤, 釺, 钎
- 迁, 瓩, 兛, 刋, 㔓, 圱, 谸, 舌, 忎, 乖, 芊, 秊, 䄹
- 禾, 垂, 乗, 重, 熏 (Apparent)
- チ (Katakana character derived from man’yōgana)
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2697
- Dae Jaweon: page 351, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 59, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5343
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːn): semantic 一 (“one, signifying a number”) + phonetic 人 (OC *njin). The Old Chinese pronunciations of 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn) and 人 (OC *njin) were similar. For the component 人, compare its combining form 亻.
The traditional explanation holds that the extra line indicates an extension (see the etymologies of 年 and 延). 千 has the meaning one thousand because one thousand is a number that is reached by extending one’s counting.
simp. and trad. 千 alternative forms 仟 financial
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) notes similar forms in Mon-Khmer, though their initials and finals do not match Old Chinese; compare Vietnamese nghìn and Old Mon lṅim (whence Mon လ္ၚီ (ŋìm)), all meaning “thousand”. Also compare Proto-Hlai *C-ŋin.
千
- thousand 幾千／几千 ― jǐ qiān ― several thousand
- many; numerous 千山萬水／千山万水 ― qiānshānwànshuǐ ― many rivers and mountains
- (Cantonese) to swindle; to defraud
- 佢收手不再千 走去撈製片 [Cantonese, trad.]佢收手不再千 走去捞制片 [Cantonese, simp.]keoi5 sau1 sau2 bat1 zoi3 cin1, zau2 heoi3 lou1 zai3 pin3-2 [Jyutping]She quit swindling and went to be a film producer
- (Hokkien) fortuitous; coincidental; opportune
- (coincidental): 巧 (qiǎo)
Chinese numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012 Normal(小寫 / 小写) 〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 百萬 / 百万,桶(Philippines),面桶 (Philippines) 億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) Financial(大寫 / 大写) 零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟
In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.
→ Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽶𐽺 (sén) → Zhuang: cien (“thousand”) For pronunciation and definitions of 千 – see 韆 (“swing”).(This character is the simplified form of 韆).Notes:
- Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
- Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
- “千”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
- “千”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
- “千”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
- “千”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “千”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 218.
(First grade kyōiku kanji)
- Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
- Kun: ち (chi, 千, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かず (kazu)、ゆき (yuki)
- 千(ち)早(はや)ぶ (chihayabu)
Kanji in this term 千 せんGrade: 1 on’yomi
- (financial) 仟, 阡
From Middle Chinese 千 (MC tshen).
- (Tokyo) せん [séꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [sẽ̞ɴ]
千(せん) • (sen)
- a thousand, 1000
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji1,000千, *一千せん, *いっせんsen, *issen2,000二千にせんnisen3,000三千さんぜんsanzen4,000四千よんせんyonsen5,000五千ごせんgosen6,000六千ろくせんrokusen7,000七千ななせんnanasen8,000八千はっせんhassen9,000九千きゅうせんkyūsen?何千なんぜんnanzen
- 千(せん)に一(ひと)つ (sen ni hitotsu)
- 千(せん)も万(まん)もいらぬ (sen mo man mo iranu)
- 海(うみ)千(せん)山(やま)千(せん) (umisen yamasen)
千(せん) • (sen)
- thousand
- (by extension) very large number
千(せん) • (Sen)
- a surname, especially from the line of tea ceremony masters
Kanji in this term 千 ちGrade: 1 kun’yomi
⟨ti⟩ → /t͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ti.
- (Tokyo) ち [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [t͡ɕi]
千(ち) • (chi)
- a thousand, 1000
- 百(もも) (momo), 百(ほ) (ho), 百(お) (o)
- 万(よろず) (yorozu)
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji1,000千ちchi2,000二千ふたちfutachi3,000三千みちmichi4,000四千よちyochi5,000五千いちichi6,000六千むちmuchi7,000七千ななちnanachi8,000八千やちyachi9,000九千ここのちkokonochi
From Middle Chinese 千 (MC tshen).
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쳔 (Yale: chyèn) Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun) Reading Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 즈〮믄〮 (Yale: cúmún) 쳔 (Yale: chyèn)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [천]
千 (eumhun 일천(一千) 천 (ilcheon cheon))
- hanja form? of 천 (“thousand”)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
千 (ti) (kana ち)
- a thousand, 1000
- , text here
- 千秋 (tiaki1)
- 千名 (tina)
- 千代 (tiyo2)
- 千萬 (tiyo2ro2du)
- Japanese: 千 (chi)
千: Hán Việt readings: thiên (倉(thương)先(tiên)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5] 千: Nôm readings: thiên[1][2][4][6], xiên[1]
- chữ Hán form of thiên (“thousand”)
