候 U+5019, 候 ← 倘[U+5018] CJK Unified Ideographs 倚 →[U+501A] Stroke order
候 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 人中弓大 (OLNK), four-corner 27234, composition ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱乛一矢)
- 𭏒, 𢰡, 𤠣, 𮌧, 𬑟, 𦃺, 𬫺, 𩌖, 𩺟, 𥱌, 𭏑
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 775
- Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5019
trad. 候 simp. # 候 2nd round simp. 𫶬 alternative forms 𠋫𠊱
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː), as 𠊱. The 矦 component (modified so that ⺈ becomes 乛 on top and 丿 at left becomes 丨) is an ancient form of 侯 (hóu).
候
- to reconnoitre; to scout
- to observe; to survey
- to wait for; to await
- to respectfully await
- to visit; to send one’s respects to
- to wait on; to attend to; to take care of
- to forecast; to predict (by divination)
- (historical) scout; lookout; vanguard
- (historical) alternative form of 堠 (hòu, “fortress”)
- (historical) official
- (historical) posthouse; station
- (historical) pentad (ancient time unit composed of five days)
- climate; season
- omen; sign; portent
- (traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)
- (traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom
- (dialectal) to pay for (a bill)
- “候”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
- climate
- season
- weather
- Go-on: ぐ (gu)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
- Kun: そうろう (sōrou, 候, Jōyō)←さうらふ (saurafu, 候, historical)、うかがう (ukagau, 候う)←うかがふ (ukagafu, 候ふ, historical)、さぶらう (saburau, 候う)←さぶらふ (saburafu, 候ふ, historical)、まつ (matsu, 候つ)
- Nanori: きざす (kizasu)
- 候(そ)い (soi)
- 候(そ)う (sou)
- 候(そ)え (soe)
Kanji in this term 候 こうGrade: 4 on’yomi
From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH). The kan’on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
- IPA(key): [ko̞ː]
- (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
候(こう) • (kō)
- (literary) the season, the weather of the current season
- 厳(げん)寒(かん)の候(こう) (genkan no kō, “the coldest season or weather”)
- 伺(し)候(こう) (shikō, “waiting upon (someone)”)
Kanji in this term 候 うかみGrade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 候 – see the following entry. 【窺見うかみ】 [noun] lookout, scout, patrol (This term, 候, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 候 そうろうGrade: 4 kun’yomi Alternative spelling 候ふ (archaic)
/saburaɸu/ → /sauraɸu/ → /soːroː/
A sound shift from 侍(さぶら)う (saburau, “to serve by one’s side”), historical さぶらふ. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
- IPA(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ː]
候(そうろう) • (sōrou) ←さうらふ (saurafu)?godan (stem 候(そうろい) (sōroi), past 候(そうろっ)た (sōrotta))
- (archaic) alternative form of 候う (“to serve; to be”)
- 居(い)候(そうろう) (isōrō, “freeloader, sponger”)
- 候(そうろう)文(ぶん) (sōrōbun, “epistolary style”)
Kanji in this term 候 そろGrade: 4 kun’yomi
Late-medieval transition from sōrō above.[1]
- IPA(key): [so̞ɾo̞]
- IPA(key): [sɨ]
- IPA(key): [so̞ː]
候(そろ) or 候(す) or 候(そう) • (soro or su or sou) ←さう (sau)?
- (archaic) to be; auxiliary used in place of -ある after で or に when forming a copula
- 止(と)め候(そろ)は如何(いかん)、実(じつ)に可慨(なげくべき)之(の)至(いたり)に候(そろ)事(こと)。Tome soro wa ikan, jitsu ni nagekubeki no itari ni soro koto.How can he be stopped? It is a truly lamentable result.
- (archaic) to do; auxiliary used in place of -ます after the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb
- 誠(まこと)に可笑(わらうべき)事(こと)に御座(ござい)候(そろ)。Makoto ni waraubeki koto ni gozaisoro.It is verily a laughable thing.
- 又(また)候(ぞろ) (matazoro, “(yet) again”)
Kanji in this term 候 ぞうろGrade: 4 kun’yomi
/zauro/ → /zoːro/
Stem of rendaku form 候う (zōrou), used in compounds. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
- IPA(key): [d͡zo̞ːɾo̞]
候(ぞうろ) • (zōro) ←ざうろ (zauro)?
- service
- doing
- “候”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026
From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH).
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸʷu]
- Phonetic hangul: [후]
候 (eumhun 기후 후 (gihu hu))
- hanja form? of 후 (“climate; season”)
- hanja form? of 후 (“to forecast; to wait”)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]
候: Hán Nôm readings: hầu, hậu, thoắng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
