辛 U+8F9B, 辛 ← 辚[U+8F9A] CJK Unified Ideographs 辜 →[U+8F9C] ⾟ U+2F9F, ⾟ ← ⾞[U+2F9E] Kangxi Radicals ⾠ →[U+2FA0] Stroke order
辛 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+0, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 00401, composition ⿱立十 or ⿱亠𢆉)
- Kangxi radical #160, ⾟.
- Appendix:Chinese radical/辛
- 㖕, 垶, 㛙, 㢹, 㳯, 梓, 觪, 䛨, 鋅 (锌), 騂 (骍)
- 乵, 㲔, 㖖, 厗, 宰, 屖, 峷, 莘, 㾕, 嶭, 薛, 巕, 㸉
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
- Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8F9B
simp. and trad. 辛 alternative forms 䇂亲
Pictogram (象形) of a tool—chisel, awl, spike—used to mark slaves and criminals. The characters 䇂 and 亲 are two variants. The former (䇂) is the original version, while the latter is a conflation of both 亲 and 𣓀, a chisel over a tree to indicate the hazelnut branch which was flexible enough to be used as a whip.
It appears as 立 on the top of characters such as 妾, 竟, and 童. Unrelated to 音 and 競, in which it represents the tip of a tongue on top of an open mouth. See also 辡. See also the top component of 商.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin (“liver; heart; bile; bitter”); compare Tibetan མཆིན (mchin, “liver”), Burmese သည်း (sany:, “liver”), Tangut 𗮰 (*sji², “liver”) (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
辛
- spicy; hot; pungent 辛辣 ― xīnlà ― spicy
- hard; laborious; toilsome 辛苦 ― xīnkǔ ― laborious
- sorrowful; miserable; hard 辛酸 ― xīnsuān ― bitter
- a surname 辛棄疾／辛弃疾 ― Xīn Qìjí ― Xin Qiji (Chinese poet during the Southern Song dynasty)
Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.
辛
- eighth of the ten heavenly stems
- (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
- (organic chemistry) octa-
Others:
- → Zhuang: sin
Borrowed from English symplectic.
辛
- (mathematics, attributive) symplectic
辛
- Used in transcription.
(Jōyō kanji)
- spicy, hot, acrid
- bitter, painful, difficult
- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kun: からい (karai, 辛い, Jōyō)、つらい (tsurai, 辛い)、かのと (kanoto, 辛)
Kanji in this term 辛 しんGrade: S on’yomi
From Middle Chinese 辛 (sin).
- (Tokyo) しん [shíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA(key): [ɕĩɴ]
- Homophones: 心, 臣, 参, 芯, 信, 神, 真, 紳, 軫, 寝, 新, 箴, 震, 親, 讖
辛(しん) • (Shin)
- the eighth of the ten heavenly stems Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan) Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Kanji in this term 辛 かのとGrade: S kun’yomi
金(か) (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟(おと) (oto, “younger brother”).
- (Tokyo) かのと [kànóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [2])
- (Tokyo) かのと [kànótó] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA(key): [ka̠no̞to̞]
辛(かのと) • (Kanoto)
- the eighth of the ten heavenly stems Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan) Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Kanji in this term 辛 からGrade: S kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) から [kàrá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ka̠ɾa̠]
辛(から) • (-kara)
- (colloquial) counter for spiciness (usu. of curry) １辛のカレー ― curry with spiciness level 1
- 辛(から)さ (karasa)
- 中(ちゅう)辛(から) (chūkara)
- 大(おお)辛(から) (ōkara)
- “△辛”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026
辛 (eumhun 매울 신 (mae’ul sin))
- bitter
- toilsome, laborious
- 8th heavenly stem
辛: Hán Nôm readings: tân, tăn, tơn
- chữ Hán form of Tân (“eighth of the ten heavenly stems”) Hypernyms: 天干, 十干 Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
