必 U+5FC5, 必 ← 忄[U+5FC4] CJK Unified Ideographs 忆 →[U+5FC6] Stroke order (Japan) Stroke order (Taiwan) Stroke order(alternative)
必 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+1, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 心竹 (PH), four-corner 33000, composition ⿻心丿)
- 佖, 咇, 妼, 怭, 㧙, 泌, 柲, 珌, 䏟, 祕, 䀣, 秘, 袐, 䎵, 䖩, 䛑, 䟤, 鉍 (铋), 䩛, 䪐, 飶, 馝, 駜, 鮅
- 䫾, 邲, 覕, 鴓, 宓, 苾, 毖, 瑟, 虙, 閟, 㘠
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10299
- Dae Jaweon: page 701, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5FC5
simp. and trad. 必
Likely a pictogram (象形) – the handle (⿻⿺㇂丶丿) found on the right hand side of weapons such as 戊 or 戈 or 戉 written stand-alone. Two decorative strokes were then added to the sides.
Jiajie (假借) – The character was subsequently borrowed for a near-homophonemeaning “must”, and the original meaning came to be represented by 柲 (OC *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ).
Unrelated to 心, as bronze script makes clear, but in current form very similar.
Unclear (Schuessler, 2007).
必
- surely; most certainly; always; invariably
- 小大之獄，雖不能察，必以情。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCEXiǎodà zhī yù, suī bù néng chá, bì yǐ qíng. [Pinyin]As for legal trials petty or serious, even if I could not judge with perfect justice, I always decide according to the facts.
- must; have to; shall
- 王曰：「雖然，必告不穀。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]王曰：「虽然，必告不谷。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCEWáng yuē: “Suīrán, bì gào bùgǔ.” [Pinyin]”Nevertheless, you have to tell me,” said the king.
- 耶和華神對蛇說，你既作了這事，就必受咒詛，比一切的牲畜野獸更甚。你必用肚子行走，終身吃土。 [MSC, trad.]耶和华神对蛇说，你既作了这事，就必受咒诅，比一切的牲畜野兽更甚。你必用肚子行走，终身吃土。 [MSC, simp.]Yēhéhuá shén duì shé shuō, nǐ jì zuò le zhè shì, jiù bì shòu zhòuzǔ, bǐ yīqiè de shēngchù yěshòu gèng shèn. Nǐ bì yòng dùzi xíngzǒu, zhōngshēn chī tǔ. [Pinyin]And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed [must receive a curse] above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go [you must use your belly to go], and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.
- (literary) conjunction indicating the condition of a concession or exception, especially a hypothetical or implied one
- 子曰：「君子無所爭，必也射乎！揖讓而升，下而飲，其爭也君子。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子曰：「君子无所争，必也射乎！揖让而升，下而饮，其争也君子。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionZǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ wú suǒ zhēng, bì yě shè hū! Yīràng ér shēng, xià ér yìn, qí zhēng yě jūnzǐ.” [Pinyin]The Master said, “The student of virtue has no contentions. If it be said he cannot avoid them, shall this be in archery? But he bows complaisantly to his competitors; thus he ascends the hall, descends, and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he is still the Junzi.”
- 必不得已而去，於斯三者何先？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]必不得已而去，于斯三者何先？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionBì bùdéyǐ ér qù, yú sī sānzhě hé xiān? [Pinyin]If it cannot be helped, and one of these must be dispensed with, which of the three should be foregone first?
- (Hakka, Southern Min) to crack
- (Southern Min) to chap (of skin)
- (Teochew) crowded; packed; congested
- “必”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “必”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 231.
(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
- inevitably, certainly
- Go-on: ひち (hichi)
- Kan-on: ひつ (hitsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: かならず (kanarazu, 必ず, Jōyō)
- Nanori: さだ (sada)、さだむ (sadamu)
From Middle Chinese 必 (MC pjit).
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰiɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [필]
必 (eumhun 반드시 필 (bandeusi pil))
- hanja form? of 필 (“surely; certainly; without fail”)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
必: Hán Nôm readings: tất, ắt
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