候

候 U+5019, 候 ← 倘[U+5018] CJK Unified Ideographs 倚 →[U+501A] Stroke order

候 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 人中弓大 (OLNK), four-corner 27234, composition ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱乛一矢)

• 𭏒, 𢰡, 𤠣, 𮌧, 𬑟, 𦃺, 𬫺, 𩌖, 𩺟, 𥱌, 𭏑

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 775
• Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5019

trad. 候 simp. # 候 2nd round simp. 𫶬 alternative forms 𠋫𠊱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː), as 𠊱. The 矦 component (modified so that ⺈ becomes 乛 on top and 丿 at left becomes 丨) is an ancient form of 侯 (hóu).

候

1. to reconnoitre; to scout
2. to observe; to survey
3. to wait for; to await
4. to respectfully await
5. to visit; to send one’s respects to
6. to wait on; to attend to; to take care of
7. to forecast; to predict (by divination)
8. (historical) scout; lookout; vanguard
9. (historical) alternative form of 堠 (hòu, “fortress”)
10. (historical) official
11. (historical) posthouse; station
12. (historical) pentad (ancient time unit composed of five days)
13. climate; season
14. omen; sign; portent
15. (traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)
16. (traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom
17. (dialectal) to pay for (a bill)

• “候”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. climate
2. season
3. weather

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: そうろう (sōrou, 候, Jōyō)←さうらふ (saurafu, 候, historical)、うかがう (ukagau, 候う)←うかがふ (ukagafu, 候ふ, historical)、さぶらう (saburau, 候う)←さぶらふ (saburafu, 候ふ, historical)、まつ (matsu, 候つ)
• Nanori: きざす (kizasu)

• 候(そ)い (soi)
• 候(そ)う (sou)
• 候(そ)え (soe)

Kanji in this term 候 こうGrade: 4 on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH). The kan’on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

• IPA(key): [ko̞ː]
• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]

候(こう) • (kō)

1. (literary) the season, the weather of the current season

• 厳(げん)寒(かん)の候(こう) (genkan no kō, “the coldest season or weather”)
• 伺(し)候(こう) (shikō, “waiting upon (someone)”)

Kanji in this term 候 うかみGrade: 4 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 候 – see the following entry. 【窺見うかみ】 [noun] lookout, scout, patrol (This term, 候, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 候 そうろうGrade: 4 kun’yomi Alternative spelling 候ふ (archaic)

/saburaɸu/ → /sauraɸu/ → /soːroː/

A sound shift from 侍(さぶら)う (saburau, “to serve by one’s side”), historical さぶらふ. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

• IPA(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ː]

候(そうろう) • (sōrou) ←さうらふ (saurafu)?godan (stem 候(そうろい) (sōroi), past 候(そうろっ)た (sōrotta))

1. (archaic) alternative form of 候う (“to serve; to be”)

• 居(い)候(そうろう) (isōrō, “freeloader, sponger”)
• 候(そうろう)文(ぶん) (sōrōbun, “epistolary style”)

Kanji in this term 候 そろGrade: 4 kun’yomi

Late-medieval transition from sōrō above.[1]

• IPA(key): [so̞ɾo̞]
• IPA(key): [sɨ]
• IPA(key): [so̞ː]

候(そろ) or 候(す) or 候(そう) • (soro or su or sou) ←さう (sau)?

1. (archaic) to be; auxiliary used in place of -ある after で or に when forming a copula
   • 止(と)め候(そろ)は如何(いかん)、実(じつ)に可慨(なげくべき)之(の)至(いたり)に候(そろ)事(こと)。Tome soro wa ikan, jitsu ni nagekubeki no itari ni soro koto.How can he be stopped? It is a truly lamentable result.
2. (archaic) to do; auxiliary used in place of -ます after the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb
   • 誠(まこと)に可笑(わらうべき)事(こと)に御座(ござい)候(そろ)。Makoto ni waraubeki koto ni gozaisoro.It is verily a laughable thing.

• 又(また)候(ぞろ) (matazoro, “(yet) again”)

Kanji in this term 候 ぞうろGrade: 4 kun’yomi

/zauro/ → /zoːro/

Stem of rendaku form 候う (zōrou), used in compounds. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

• IPA(key): [d͡zo̞ːɾo̞]

候(ぞうろ) • (zōro) ←ざうろ (zauro)?

1. service
2. doing

• “候”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸʷu]
• Phonetic hangul: [후]

候 (eumhun 기후 후 (gihu hu))

1. hanja form? of 후 (“climate; season”)
2. hanja form? of 후 (“to forecast; to wait”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

候: Hán Nôm readings: hầu, hậu, thoắng

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