和

和 U+548C, 和 ← 咋[U+548B] CJK Unified Ideographs 咍 →[U+548D] Stroke order Stroke order

和 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 竹木口 (HDR), four-corner 26900, composition ⿰禾口)

• 俰, 啝, 𡞈, 𣷓, 𮠱, 𨨛(𫓼), 𧇮, 萂, 惒, 𨨑

• わ (Hiragana character derived from Man’yōgana)
• ワ (Katakana character derived from Man’yōgana)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 185, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3490
• Dae Jaweon: page 404, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 602, character 1
• Unihan data for U+548C

simp. and trad. 和 alternative forms 咊龢訸／𰵝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony. The original version was 龢, with the radical of the flute 𠎤 (> 龠) in its either archaic or contracted version perhaps to indicate the abstract concept of harmony through harmony in music.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “see talk”)

“and; with” Zhao (2018) suggests that hàn and hài may ultimately derive from the contractions of 還有／还有 (háiyǒu) in colloquial speech. On the other hand, Yu (1988) and Jiang (2012) argue hàn and hài derive from 喚／唤 (huàn, “to call”). “Japanese” Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和(やまと) (Yamato). The original character was a replacement for earlier 倭(わ) (Wa) in 757 CE with a character that sounded similar in contemporary pronunciations of Chinese, 和, due to the offensive meaning of 倭.

和

1. peaceful; harmonious 和平 ― hépíng ― peace, peaceful
2. gentle; kind
3. warm; temperate
4. sum; total 五加四的和是九。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]Wǔ jiā sì de hé shì jiǔ. [Pinyin]The sum of 5 and 4 is 9.
5. to make peace; to become reconciled
   • 子曰：君子和而不同，小人同而不和 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge’s versionzǐ yuē: jūnzǐ hé ér bù tóng, xiǎorén tóng ér bù hé [Pinyin]The Master said, “The superior man is affable, but not adulatory; the mean man is adulatory, but not affable.”
6. (sports) to tie 和波 [Cantonese] ― wo4 bo1 [Jyutping] ― to tie a football match
7. (music) An ancient mouth organ similar to the sheng, but smaller; no longer used.
8. Japanese 和服 ― héfú ― kimono, Japanese traditional clothing
9. a surname, He

Others:

• → Thai: ฮั้ว (húua)
• → Vietnamese: và, hùa

和

1. and 我和你 ― wǒ hé nǐ ― me and you 我想買些肉、魚、麵包和雞蛋。 [MSC, trad.]我想买些肉、鱼、面包和鸡蛋。 [MSC, simp.]Wǒ xiǎng mǎi xiē ròu, yú, miànbāo hé jīdàn. [Pinyin]I want to buy some meat, fish, bread, and eggs.
   • 這是哪兒和哪兒啊這是？ [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]这是哪儿和哪儿啊这是？ [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 《闲人马大姐》, episode 7Zhèi shì nǎr hàn nǎr a zhè shì? [Pinyin]What kind of connection is this?
2. with 他和流浪街頭的孩子交上了朋友。 [MSC, trad.]他和流浪街头的孩子交上了朋友。 [MSC, simp.]Tā hé liúlàng jiētóu de háizǐ jiāo shàng le péngyǒu. [Pinyin]He has made friends with the kids on the street. 他想和其他國家採取一致行動。 [MSC, trad.]他想和其他国家采取一致行动。 [MSC, simp.]Tā xiǎng hé qítā guójiā cǎiqǔ yīzhì xíngdòng. [Pinyin]He wants to act in concert with other nations. 和你的車比起來，我的車很小。 [MSC, trad.]和你的车比起来，我的车很小。 [MSC, simp.]Hé nǐ de chē bǐqǐ lái, wǒ de chē hěn xiǎo. [Pinyin]Compared with yours, my car is small. 如果你把譯文和原文比較一下，你就會找到不準確的地方。 [MSC, trad.]如果你把译文和原文比较一下，你就会找到不准确的地方。 [MSC, simp.]Rúguǒ nǐ bǎ yìwén hé yuánwén bǐjiào yīxià, nǐ jiù huì zhǎo dào bù zhǔnquè de dìfang. [Pinyin]If you compare the translation with the original, you will find the inaccuracy. 這個詞的意思和漢語的「謝謝」相同。 [MSC, trad.]这个词的意思和汉语的「谢谢」相同。 [MSC, simp.]Zhège cí de yìsī hé hànyǔ de “xièxiè” xiàngtóng. [Pinyin]This word means the same as “thank you” in Chinese.

和

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make sounds in concert with; to echo 附和 ― fùhè ― to second, to echo 唱和 ― chànghè ― antiphon, sung reply 應和／应和 ― yìnghè ― to echo, to correspond 酬和 ― chóuhè ― to respond to a poem with a poem

和

1. to mix with water to make something stick together; to knead 和麵／和面 ― huómiàn ― to knead dough

和

1. to mix (usually substances in powder or grain form) 攪和／搅和 ― jiǎohuo ― to stir, to mix
2. to add water to make something less thick
3. Classifier for the number of rinses when washing clothes.
4. Classifier for the number of times a dose of traditional Chinese medicine is boiled.

simp. and trad. 和 alternative forms 糊 Cantonese胡

和

1. (mahjong) to have a winning hand 和牌 ― húpái ― to win in mahjong

• When playing mahjong, a player may say this word as a call when winning from another player’s discard.

• (Cantonese) 食糊
• (Taiwanese Hokkien) 到 (kàu)

• Japanese: 和了(ホーラ) (hōra)

和

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) warm 暖和 ― nuǎnhuo ― warm 溫和／温和 ― wēnhuo ― warm, lukewarm

• “和”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: わ (wa, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: か (ka)←くわ (kwa, historical)
• Tō-on: お (o, Jōyō †)←を (wo, historical)
• Kun: あえる (aeru, 和える)、なごむ (nagomu, 和む, Jōyō)、なごやか (nagoyaka, 和やか, Jōyō)、やわらぐ (yawaragu, 和らぐ, Jōyō)←やはらぐ (yafaragu, 和らぐ, historical)、やわらげる (yawarageru, 和らげる, Jōyō)←やはらげる (yafarageru, 和らげる, historical)、やまと (yamato)
• Nanori: あい (ai)、いず (izu)、かつ (katsu)、かづ (kazu)、かず (kazu)、かつり (katsuri)、たけ (take)、ち (chi)、とも (tomo)、な (na)、にぎ (nigi)、のどか (nodoka)、まさ (masa)、やす (yasu)、よし (yoshi)、より (yori)、わだこ (wadako)、わっ (wa’)

Kanji in this term 和 わGrade: 3 goon

From Middle Chinese 和 (MC hwa, “harmonious”).

The “Japan” sense appears during the reign of Empress Genmei (707-715 CE), as this character 和(わ) (Wa) was chosen as a homophone with a more favorable meaning to replace the previous character 倭(わ) (Wa) then in use as the kanji name for Japan[1] (see the etymology at 大和(やまと) (Yamato) for more details). The “Japan” sense was usually read with a kun’yomi of yamato, until some time in the Muromachi period, when the go’on reading of Wa became more common.[2]

• IPA(key): [β̞a̠]
• (Tokyo) わ [wáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][3]

和(わ) • (wa)

1. peace, harmony, tranquillity, serenity.
2. (mathematics) sum Antonym: (difference) 差 (sa)

• 被(ひ)加(か)数(すう) (hikasū); 加(か)数(すう) (kasū)
• 随(かんな)神(がら) (kannagara) (Shinto belief in harmony)

和(わ) • (wa)

1. Japan, Japanese, Nippo- 和(わ)露(ろ)辞(じ)典(てん)Wa-Ro jitenJapanese-Russian dictionary 和(わ)食(しょく)washokuJapanese-style food, Japanese cuisine 和(わ)室(しつ)washitsua Japanese-style room with tatami flooring and usually sliding doors 和(わ)映(えい)画(が)wa-eigaJapanese films, Japanese cinema

Kanji in this term 和 やまとGrade: 3 kun’yomi

See Etymology 1.

In modern Japanese, the Yamato reading is more commonly spelled 大和.

For pronunciation and definitions of 和 – see the following entry. 【大和やまと】 [proper noun] a town in the Shikinoshimo district in the Yamato Province of Japan, generally equivalent to modern Tenri area [proper noun] a city in Kanagawa Prefecture [proper noun] one of the old provinces that made up Japan, generally equivalent to modern Nara prefecture [proper noun] the country of Japan (This term, 和, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 和 のどGrade: 3 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 和 – see the following entry. 【閑のど】S [adjective] (archaic) tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful (This term, 和, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 和 やわGrade: 3 kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 和 – see the following entry. 【柔やわ】S [adjective] weak (This term, 和, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) Kanji in this term 和 のどかGrade: 3 nanori

Used as ateji in various names.

• IPA(key): [no̞do̞ka̠]

和(のどか) • (Nodoka)

1. a unisex given name

• “△和”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 和 (MC hwa).

和 (eumhun 어울릴 화 (eoullil hwa))

1. hanja form? of 화 (“harmony; peace”)
2. hanja form? of 화 (“a free-reed mouth organ with 13 bamboo pipes used in ancient times”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

和: Hán Việt readings: hòa/hoà[1], hồ[2] 和: Nôm readings: họa/hoạ[3], huề[3], hùa[4]

1. chữ Hán form of hoà (“peace, harmony”)
2. chữ Hán form of hoà; hoạ; hùa (“to mix or dissolve in water; to harmonize; to follow suit”)
3. chữ Hán form of hoà, huề (“to draw, to tie, to make peace”)