帝 U+5E1D, 帝 ← 帜[U+5E1C] CJK Unified Ideographs 帞 →[U+5E1E]
帝 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 卜月中月 (YBLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿳亠丷冖巾)
- 偙, 啼, 𭏅, 媂, 崹, 揥, 渧, 𭦽, 腣, 楴, 𤧛, 𬊱, 遆, 碲, 禘, 𮇱, 締(缔), 褅, 諦(谛), 𮙫, 蹄, 𮠺, 鍗, 𩋣, 𩤢, 䱱(𬶤), 𪕬, 𪖰, 𪯐, 𢅛, 𢋠, 䫕, 㡣, 鶙, 𨼨, 𪼀, 蒂, 啻, 㛳, 𢝃, 𪪶, 𬃨
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 330, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8865
- Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 738, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5E1D
simp. and trad. 帝 alternative forms 𢂇𠫦
Pictogram (象形): Depicts a flower calyx — the structure joining blossom to stem; original form of 蒂 (OC *tˤes, “calyx; peduncle”). The calyx is at once the apex of the stalk and the base supporting the flower, an image that naturally motivated extension to “supreme arbiter; God.”
Corroborated by a phonosemantic cluster around *tˤe(C): 諦 (OC *tˤeh, “to ascertain”), 堤 (OC *tˤe, “base; embankment”), 締 (OC *dˤeh, “to bind fast”), 題 (OC *dˤe, “apex; forehead”), 地 (OC *lˤeh, “ground”) (地，底也…亦言諦也) — all converging on “foundational support” and “firm establishment.”
Alternative proposals: a bundle of sacrificial firewood or an altar (→ 禘 (OC *dˤeh, “great sacrifice”)); a circumpolar asterism centered on the north celestial pole (Pankenier, 2004).
Shuowen erroneously analyzes the character as phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *teːɡs): semantic 丄 (“up; above”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *teɣ (“God”); compare Tibetan ཐེ (the, “celestial gods of the Bon religion”), Jingpho [script needed] (mə³¹-tai³³, “god of the sky”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *mɯ-Dai⁴ (“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011). Cognate with 禘 (OC *deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, Sagart (1999) derives it from a root *tek (“to be master over; to rule over”), whence also 適 (OC *ᵃtek, “to rule; to control”), 嫡 (OC *ᵃtek, “son of principal wife”).
帝
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) God of Heaven
- emperor; sovereign
- short for 帝國主義／帝国主义 (dìguózhǔyì, “imperialism”) 反帝鬥爭／反帝斗争 ― fǎndì dòuzhēng ― anti-imperialism struggle
- “帝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
- William Campbell (1913), A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 676.
- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931-1932), “帝”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
- “帝”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “帝”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 151.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “帝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 54.
Shinjitai 帝 Kyūjitai[1][2] 帝󠄁帝+󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) 帝󠄃帝+󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi)(Moji_Joho) The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.See here for details.
(Jōyō kanji)
- sovereign
- Go-on: たい (tai)
- Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: て (te)
- Kun: みかど (mikado, 帝)
- Nanori: ただ (tada)、みかど (mikado)
Kanji in this term 帝 みかどGrade: S kun’yomi For pronunciation and definitions of 帝 – see the following entry. 【御門みかど】 [noun] mikado (emperor of Japan) [noun] emperor (This term, 帝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
- “△帝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026
From Middle Chinese 帝 (MC tejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎨〯 (tyěy) (Yale: tyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
帝 (eumhun 임금 제 (imgeum je))
- hanja form? of 제 (“emperor”)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
帝: Hán Việt readings: đế[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] 帝: Nôm readings: đấy[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], đí[1][3][4], rế[1], đê[3], để[3], đó[3]
- chữ Hán form of đế (“(in compounds) emperor”)
- chữ Nôm form of đấy (“there, that place, that”)
- chữ Nôm form of rế (“bamboo pad for placing hot pots on top”)
