Thừa

• (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˦˩]
• (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
• Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 剩. Its regular reading thặng only occurs in the word thặng dư (“surplus”), while its irregular reading thừa, which fails to retain Middle Chinese final -ŋ, is acquired from 承 (see etymology 4). Unlikely

non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餘 (“left over, extra”, SV: dư) as suggested by Haudricourt (1954).[1]

thừa

1. unneeded, needless, unnecessary (exceeding what is needed); redundant, superfluous; leftover Synonyms: dư, dư thừa Đời thừa ― Redundant life (a short story by Nam Cao) động tác thừa ― redundant action còn thừa thời gian ― still [have] time to spare đồ ăn thừa ― leftover food vải thừa ― leftover textile

thừa

1. (informal) without doubt; surely; certainly thừa biết; biết thừa ― to be well aware thừa hiểu ― to fully understand

Sino-Vietnamese word from 乘. Its regular reading thặng only occurs in thượng thặng (“first-degree, top-level (adjective); Mahayana (proper noun)”); meanwhile, its irregular reading thừa, which fails to retain Middle Chinese final -ŋ, is acquired from 承 (see etymology 4).

thừa

1. (chiefly in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity or situation) Hyponym: nhân

thừa

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 乘 (“vehicle”) thượng thừa ― “top-notch, top-class (adjective)” ← literally, “superior vehicle (noun)” thượng thừa ― synonym of Đại thừa (literally, “superior vehicle”) Đại thừa ― Mahayana (literally, “Great vehicle”) Thanh Văn thừa ― Śrāvakayāna (literally, “Śrāvaka’s vehicle”) Duyên Giác thừa ― Pratyekabuddhayāna (literally, “Pratyekabuddha’s vehicle”)

thừa

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 乘 (“to multiply (arithmetics)”)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 丞.

See etymology 4 for its reading thừa.

thừa

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 丞 (“to help, to assist”)

thừa

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 丞 (“helper, assistant”)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 承.

Its reading thừa arises from the avoidance of Trần Thừa (陳承)’s naming taboo. 承 originally had the reading thằng which became thừa. The characters 丞 (written as 贊 to avoid the taboo) and 乘 (whose last stroke is omitted in texts), which were similar in pronunciation with 承 at the time, acquired the reading thừa from 承 as well.[2]

thừa

1. (chiefly in compounds) to receive (something from one’s social superior[s]), to accept (something from one’s social superior[s]) thừa lệnh ― to accept order thừa ân ― to be grateful (for favor received) (literally, “to receive favor”)
2. (chiefly in compounds) to inherit con thừa tự ― heir
3. to obey (one’s social superior[s]) thừa lệnh ― ‘to obey order’ ← ‘to accept order’ khâm thừa ― to respectfully obey phụng thừa ― to obey (someone’s order)

thừa

1. (obsolete) short for thừa phái
2. (poetry) thừa

• khai/ khởi
• chuyển
• hợp

• “thừa”, in Chunom.net (in Vietnamese)