MảngNative toVietnam, ChinaEthnicityMảng(4,900 (2007 – 2009 census) 3,200 cited 1999 – 2007? census)[1]Language codesISO 639-3zngGlottologmang1378ELPMang
Mảng (autonym: [maŋ35]; Chinese: 莽语; pinyin: Mǎngyǔ) is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam, China, and Laos. It is spoken mainly in Lai Châu Province, Vietnam and across the border in Jinping County, China. It was first documented only in 1974.
In China, the Mảng people are also called Chaman (岔满), Abi (阿比), Mengga (孟嘎), Bageran (巴格然), and Mo (莫).[2] They are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Bulang (布朗族) (Jinping County Gazetteer 1994).
In Lai Châu Province, Vietnam, Mảng is spoken by 2,200 people in the districts of Sìn Hồ, Mường Tè, Phong Thổ, and in other nearby areas,[2] including in Nậm Ban Township, Sìn Hồ District, Lai Châu Province.[3][4] In China, Mảng speakers numbered 606 people in 1999. The Mảng of China claim to have migrated from Vietnam in recent times. Gao’s (2003) Mảng data is from Xinzhai (新寨), Nanke Village (南科村), and Jinshuihe Township (金水河镇[5]).
The Jinping County Gazetteer from the Republic of China period lists 12 Mảng villages: Gongdaniu (公打牛[6]), Luowuzhai (落邬寨), Pinghe (坪河, in Xiazhai 下寨,[7] Zhongzhai 中寨,[8] Shangzhai 上寨), Hetouzhai (河头寨), Guanmuzhai (管木寨), Naxizhai (纳西寨), Bianjiezhai (边界寨), Longshuzhai (龙树寨), Caoguoping (草果坪), and Nanke (南科[9]).
Mang vowels Front Central Back unrounded short rounded unrounded short rounded short Close i ĭ y ɨ ɨ̆ u ŭ Mid e ĕ ø ɤ ɤ̆ o ŏ Open ɛ ɛ̆ œ a ă ɔ ɔ̆ Diphthong iə ɯə uə
Diphthongs iə and ɯə are only found in closed syllables, while ua are more common in open syllables.[10]
Labiodental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal central sibilant Stop/Affricate voiceless p t c k ʔ voiced ɓ ɗ Fricative voiceless θ s h voiced v ʑ Nasal m n ɲ ŋ (ŋ̊) Trill r Approximant l j (w)
Mang is described as having five tones distributed in unchecked sonorant-final syllables and another two tones in checked syllables.
The basic cardinal numbers from 1 to 1000 (transcribed in IPA) are:
1 măk⁶ 2 ʑɯəi² 3 pe³ 4 pun² 5 hăn² 6 ʑɔ̆m² 7 tăm¹ py³ 8 tăm¹ ham² 9 tăm¹ θin² 10 ʑi³ mɛ⁴ 100 ran⁵~ʑan⁵ 1000 păn⁵
Comparison of some basic vocabulary words in Mảng with other branches of Austroasiatic:[11]
Gloss Mảng proto-Waic / proto-Palaungic Khmu Bolyu Bugan proto-Vietic Mon / Old Mon ‘I’ ʔuː⁴ *ʔɨʔ / *ʔɔːʔ ʔoʔ ʔaːu⁵⁵ ɔ³¹ *soː ʔoa / ʔɔj ‘water’ ʑum¹ *rʔom / *ʔoːm ʔom nde⁵³ nda²⁴ *ɗaːk dac / ɗaik ‘two’ ʑɨəj⁴ *ləʔar / *ləʔaːr baːr mbi⁵⁵ bi³¹ *haːr ba / ɓar ‘fire’ ɲɛ² *ŋɒl / *ŋal pʰrɨə mat³³ a̠u³¹ *guːs kəmot / – ‘blood’ haːm¹ *hnam / *snaːm maːm saːm⁵³ sa⁴⁴ *ʔasaːmʔ chim / chim ‘five’ han² *phɒn / *pəsan (Tay Hat sɔːŋ) me³¹ mi⁴⁴ *ɗam pəsɔn / sun ‘eye’ mat⁷ *ʔŋaj / *ˀŋaːj mat mat⁵³ mɛ̱³³ *mat mòt / mɔt
Mảng is an analytic SVO language. However, unlike surrounding Kra-Dai and Hmong-Mien languages which are entirely absent of inflections, Mảng retains Austroasiatic derivational morphology and case-marking on nouns.[12]
- RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- Mang in RWAAI Digital Archive
