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頭 U+982D, 頭 ← 頬[U+982C] CJK Unified Ideographs 頮 →[U+982E] Stroke order

頭 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+7, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 一廿一月金 (MTMBC), four-corner 11186, composition ⿰豆頁)

头 (Simplified Chinese)

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1404, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43490
Dae Jaweon: page 1921, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4372, character 5
Unihan data for U+982D

trad. 頭 simp. 头 alternative forms 䫁𥘖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doː): phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Replaced earlier 首 (MC syuwX, “head”) due to homophony with 手 (ɕɨuX, “hand”) (Sagart, 1999).

Several etymologies have been proposed:

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-pu (“head”) or its allofam *du (“head”); compare Tibetan དབུ (dbu, “head”), Burmese ဦး (u:, “head”), Nuosu ꀑ (o, “head”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-du² (“head”) (Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT; Starostin).
Contraction of 髑髏 (OC *doːɡ roː, “skull”) (Wu, 2006).
From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duul() (“to carry on one’s head”), whence Khmer ទូល (tul); this is phonologically plausible since final consonants are often lost after a long vowel in loanwords (Schuessler, 2007).
A variant of 豆 (OC *doːs, “a kind of vessel”), as skulls could have been used as drinking recipients; compare French tête (“head”) from Latin testa (“pot; jug”) and German Kopf (“head”) from Middle High German kopf (“drinking vessel”) (Maréchal, 1994; Sagart, 1999). However, Schuessler (2007) notes that 豆 (*doːs) seems like a tone C (去聲) derivation from 頭 (*doː), which may have originally meant “skull”.
Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *m- prefix for human body parts, deriving it from 兜 (*tˤo, “helmet; hood”).

頭

(anatomy) head (Classifier: 個／个 m c) 我頭不再痛了。／我头不再痛了。 ― Wǒ tóu bùzài tòng le. ― My head doesn’t hurt any more.
- 居喪之禮，頭有創則沐，身有瘍則浴。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]居丧之礼，头有创则沐，身有疡则浴。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCEJūsāng zhī lǐ, tóu yǒu chuāng zé mù, shēn yǒu yáng zé yù. [Pinyin]According to the same rules, if he have a scab on his head, he should wash it; if he have a sore on his body, he should bathe it.
- 我又要叫你和女人彼此為仇；你的後裔和女人的後裔也彼此為仇。女人的後裔要傷你的頭；你要傷他的腳跟。 [MSC, trad.]我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇；你的后裔和女人的后裔也彼此为仇。女人的后裔要伤你的头；你要伤他的脚跟。 [MSC, simp.]From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:15Wǒ yòu yào jiào nǐ hé nǚrén bǐcǐ wéi chóu; nǐ de hòuyì hé nǚrén de hòuyì yě bǐcǐ wéi chóu. Nǚrén de hòuyì yào shāng nǐ de tóu; nǐ yào shāng tā de jiǎogēn. [Pinyin]And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
hair; hairstyle 洗頭／洗头 ― xǐtóu ― to wash one’s hair 把頭剃光／把头剃光 ― bǎ tóu tì guāng ― to shave one’s head
beginning or end 從頭開始／从头开始 ― cóng tóu kāishǐ ― to start from the beginning
top; tip; end 山頭／山头 ― shāntóu ― top of a mountain 火柴頭／火柴头 ― huǒchái tóu ― tip of a match
chief; boss; leader (person that leads or directs) 工頭／工头 ― gōngtóu ― foreman 你們的頭兒是誰？ [MSC, trad.]你们的头儿是谁？ [MSC, simp.]Nǐmen de tóur shì shéi? [Pinyin]Who is your leader?
remnant; end 布頭兒／布头儿 ― bùtóur ― oddment 煙頭／烟头 ― yāntóu ― cigarette bud
(computing) header 文件頭／文件头 ― wénjiàntóu ― file header 請求頭／请求头 ― qǐngqiútóu ― request header
first; leading 頭獎／头奖 ― tóujiǎng ― first prize; biggest prize 頭班車／头班车 ― tóu bān chē ― first departure
(used before a classifier or a numeral) first 頭一遍／头一遍 ― tóu yī biàn ― the first time 頭三天／头三天 ― tóu sān tiān ― the first three days 頭幾個／头几个 ― tóu jǐge ― the first few
(Hakka, Southern Min, dated in Mainland China) station 車頭／车头 [Hokkien] ― chhia-thâu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― train station
side; aspect
(Cantonese) area; location 嗰頭／嗰头 [Cantonese] ― go2 tau4 [Jyutping] ― that area 你喺邊頭返工㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]你喺边头返工㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]nei5 hai2 bin1 tau4 faan1 gung1 gaa3? [Jyutping]Where do you work?
(Cantonese) plug; connector; short for 插頭／插头 type C頭／type C头 [Cantonese] ― type C tau4-2 [Jyutping] ― USB Type-C connector
Classifier for livestock. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier 我有兩頭豬。／我有两头猪。 ― Wǒ yǒu liǎng tóu zhū. ― I have two pigs.
(dialectal) Classifier for other animals.
(Northern Min) Classifier for flowers.
(Cantonese) Classifier for number of pieces of dried seafood (e.g. abalones) in one catty.
(Cantonese) Classifier for number of abalones in one can.

(chief):

頭

Suffix that forms nouns.
1. Added to a noun. 罐頭／罐头 ― guàntou ― can; tin 石頭／石头 ― shítou ― rock
2. Added to a locative word. 裡頭／里头 ― lǐtou ― inside 前頭／前头 ― qiántou ― front
3. Added to a verb to form an abstract noun. 念頭／念头 ― niàntou ― thought; idea 电影的看頭兒／电影的看头儿 ― diànyǐngr de kàntour ― thing(s) to watch in a movie 活頭兒／活头儿 ― huótour ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
4. Added to an adjective to form an abstract noun. 甜頭／甜头 ― tiántou ― sweet taste; benefit

Others:

→? Proto-Tai: *truǝᴬ (“head”)
- Ahom: 𑜑𑜥 (hū), 𑜍𑜥 (rū), 𑜍𑜤𑜈𑜫 (ruw)
- Lao: ຫົວ (hūa)
- Lü: ᦷᦠ (ḣo)
- Northern Thai: ᩉ᩠ᩅᩫ
- Shan: ႁူဝ် (hǒ)
- Tai Dam: ꪬꪺ
- Thai: หัว (hǔua)
- Zhuang: hu
→ Proto-Tai:
- Ahom: 𑜄𑜥 (tū), 𑜄𑜤 (tu)
- Bouyei: duez
- Lao: ໂຕ (tō), ຕົວ (tūa)
- Lü: ᦷᦎ (ṫo)
- Northern Thai: ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ
- Saek: ทั๊ว
- Shan: တူဝ် (tǒ)
- Tai Dam: ꪶꪔ
- Thai: ตัว (dtuua)
- Zhuang: duz

“頭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[12], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04555

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

head
counter for large animals

Go-on: ず (zu, Jōyō)←づ (du, historical)
Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←とう (tou, historical)
Tō-on: じゅう (jū)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
Kan’yō-on: と (to, Jōyō †)
Kun: あたま (atama, 頭, Jōyō)、かしら (kashira, 頭, Jōyō)、かぶり (kaburi, 頭)、こうべ (kōbe, 頭)←かうべ (kaube, 頭, historical)、かみ (kami, 頭)、ほとり (hotori, 頭)
Nanori: かぶ (kabu)、かぶし (kabushi)、かみ (kami)、ちゃん (chan)、つぶり (tsuburi)、つむ (tsumu)、つむり (tsumuri)、づ (zu)、どたま (dotama)

Kanji in this term 頭あたまGrade: 2 kun’yomi

Probably from Old Japanese. First cited in the ten-volume Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

Unknown derivation. Theories include:

Compound of 天(あ) (a, “heaven, sky”) + 玉(たま) (tama, “ball”). This is problematic phonetically, as 天 appears historically as ama or ame, not as just a.
Compound of 当(あ)て (ate, “putting something in contact”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 当(あ)てる (ateru, “to hit”)) + 間(ま) (ma, “space, gap”), referring to the head as a moxibustion point. This is also problematic phonetically, as the shift from ate to ata necessitates a change in meaning of the underlying verb. This is also problematic semantically, as the term 間(ま) (ma) term refers more specifically to a gap or space.
Compound of 貴(あて) (ate, “noble”) + 間(ま) (ma, “space”), referring to the most important part of the body. However, the use of 間(ま) (ma) in this way is again problematic. Moreover, 貴(あて) (ate, “noble”) appears in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter dating to the 900s CE, while 頭(あたま) (atama) with a sense of fontanelle appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dated 938 CE, leaving insufficient time for either the semantic or phonetic drift required.[1][2]

Historically, this term first appears with a sense of fontanelle, in reference to the soft place on the top of an infant’s head where the bones of the skull have not yet fused. As such, a more likely derivation might be as a compound of 当(あ)た (ata, “not quite touching, not quite in contact”, 未(み)然(ぜん)形(けい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of classical verb 当(あ)つ (atsu) and root of modern 当(あ)たる (ataru, “to touch, to come into contact”)) + 間(ま) (ma, “space, gap, opening”).

(Tokyo) あたま [àtámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][4][3]
(Tokyo) あたま [àtáꜜmà] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][4]
IPA(key): [a̠ta̠ma̠]

(Kyōto) あたま [áꜜtàmà] (Kōki)[3]

頭(あたま) • (atama)

head (body part) Synonym: (Kagoshima) びんた (binta) 頭(あたま)が痛(いた)い。 ― Atama ga itai. ― My head hurts.
(anatomy, archaic, possibly obsolete) the fontanelle part of the skull Synonyms: 泉門 (senmon), 顋門 (hiyomeki)
thinking ability; intellect Synonym: 思考力 (shikōryoku) 彼女(かのじょ)は頭(あたま)がいい。 ― Kanojo wa atama ga ii. ― She’s smart.
tip; end Synonym: てっぺん (teppen) 鼻(はな)の頭(あたま) ― hana no atama ― the tip of the nose
start; beginning Synonym: 初め (hajime) 来月(らいげつ)頭(あたま) ― raigetsu atama ― the start of next month もう一度(いちど)頭(あたま)から ― mō ichido atama kara ― once more from the top

Etymology entry for 頭 (atama) at Gogen-Yurai Jiten (Etymology and Origin Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/a/atama.html
Etymology entry for 頭 (atama) at Key: Zatsugaku Jiten (Key: Dictionary of Miscellaneous Knowledge; in Japanese): http://www.7key.jp/data/language/etymology/a/atama.html#etymology

Kanji in this term 頭かしらGrade: 2 kun’yomi Alternative spelling 首

From Old Japanese.[1] Found as a standalone noun in the Man’yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, and as a counter in the Kojiki, dating to 712 CE.

(as a noun):

(Tokyo) かしら [kàshíráꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][4][5]
IPA(key): [ka̠ɕiɾa̠]

(Kyōto) かしら [káꜜshìrà] (Kōki)[5]

頭(かしら) • (-kashira)

a head, as when counting people, or cattle or other livestock

頭(かしら) • (kashira)

the head as a whole
boss, leader
top part of a Chinese character
頭, 首: the head of a doll

Kanji in this term 頭かぶりGrade: 2 kun’yomi

Cognate with and shift in meaning from かぶり (kaburi, “covering; hat, crown”), spelled in kanji as 被り or 冠.

(Tokyo) かぶり [kàbúrí] (Heiban – [0])[2][4]
(Tokyo) かぶり [kàbúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][4][6]
(Tokyo) かぶり [káꜜbùrì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][4][6]
IPA(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ɾʲi]

(Kyōto) かぶり [kábúrí] (Kōki – [0])[6]

頭(かぶり) • (kaburi)

head

Kanji in this term 頭かぶGrade: 2 irregular

From Old Japanese; first attested in the Kojiki (712), with the spelling 加夫,[7] in spite that the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten lists the first attestation as from the late Muromachi period.[8]

Cognate with 株(かぶ) (kabu, “stump; root”), from a general sense of lump.[7][1]

IPA(key): [ka̠bɯ̟]

頭(かぶ) • (kabu)

(obsolete or Yamagata) head

Kanji in this term 頭つぶりGrade: 2 irregular

Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “round thing”, such as a grain), 禿ぶ (tsubu, “to go bald”, from the idea of one’s head becoming round), 円ら (tsubura, “round”, adjective), 潰れる (tsubureru, “to become rounded, as from wear and tear, or from crushing”).[1]

Some sources[2] derive this as a shift from 円ら (tsubura, “round”, adjective). However, the phonology and semantics for this do not fit (changing /a/ to /i/, and repurposing the adjectivizing suffix ら to instead form a noun). The modern verb tsubureru had the form tsuburu in older stages of the language. The tsuburi reading for 頭 may more likely represent a nominalization derived from this older verb, following normal patterns for creating nouns from verbs.

Compare Okinawan ちぶる (chiburu, “head”).

(Tokyo) つぶり [tsùbúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[9]
IPA(key): [t͡sɨbɯ̟ɾʲi]

頭(つぶり) • (tsuburi)

head

Kanji in this term 頭つむりGrade: 2 irregular

From tsuburi above. Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.

(Tokyo) つむり [tsùmúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][4][10]
IPA(key): [t͡sɨmɯ̟ɾʲi]

(Kyōto) つむり [tsúmúrí] (Kōki – [0])[10]

頭(つむり) • (tsumuri)

head
hair of the head

Kanji in this term 頭つむGrade: 2 irregular

Shortened from tsumuri above.[1]

IPA(key): [t͡sɨmɯ̟]

頭(つむ) • (tsumu)

head

Kanji in this term 頭こうべGrade: 2 kun’yomi Alternative spelling 首

*/kamipe/ → */kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/

Compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) (likely cognates), with either 部 (be, “part, portion”) or 辺・方 (pe, “area; direction”).[11][2][12]

Listed in one resource as possibly an alteration from 頭 (kabu, “head”) + 上 (upe, “up”, Old Japanese reading).[1]

This reading is listed in some sources as attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[11] However, this is based on traditional ruby glosses of the ideogrammatic spelling, and the glosses are from younger manuscripts.

(Tokyo) こーべ [kòóbé] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][11]
(Tokyo) こーべ [kòóbéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][4][11]
(Tokyo) こーべ [kóꜜòbè] (Atamadaka – [1])[4][11]
IPA(key): [ko̞ːbe̞]

(Kyōto) こーべ [kóꜜòbè] (Kōki)[11]

頭(こうべ) • (kōbe) ←かうべ (kaube)?

head

Kanji in this term 頭どたまGrade: 2 irregular

Contraction of ど (do-, “super-”, often used ironically as a derogatory prefix) +‎ 頭 (atama, “head”).[13]

(Tokyo) どたま [dòtámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][13]
IPA(key): [do̞ta̠ma̠]

頭(どたま) • (dotama)

(derogatory) head

Often spelled in hiragana, as どたま.

Kanji in this term 頭ずGrade: 2 goon

/du/ → /d͡zu/ → /zu/

From Middle Chinese 頭 (MC duw). The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.

(Tokyo) ず [zù] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][14]
IPA(key): [d͡zɨ]

(Kyōto) ずー [zúú] (Kōki – [0])[14]

頭(ず) • (zu) ←づ (du)?

head

This reading is more often found in compounds, such as 頭痛 (zutsū, “a headache”).

Kanji in this term 頭とうGrade: 2 kan’on

From Middle Chinese 頭 (MC duw). The kan’on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The shift from initial /d/ to voiceless /t/ is due to influence or reborrowing from a later stage of the Chinese language. Compare modern Mandarin reading tóu, Cantonese tau4, Min Nan tao5.

(as a noun):

(Tokyo) とー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[15]
IPA(key): [to̞ː]

(Kyōto) とー [tóꜜò] (Kōki)[15]

頭(とう) • (-tō)

counter for certain relatively large animals, or for livestock animals; “head” 合(あ)わせて 1300(せんさんびゃく) 頭(とう)余(あま)りが出(しゅっ)荷(か)され、全(ぜん)国(こく)各(かく)地(ち)に流(りゅう)通(つう)した。Awasete sensanbyaku tō amari ga shukka sare, zenkoku kakuchi ni ryūtsū shita.Altogether over 1300 head of cattle have been distributed throughout the country. 三(さん)頭(とう)の北(ホッ)極(キョク)熊(グマ)santō no Hokkyokugumathree polar bears 一(いっ)頭(とう)の羊(ヒツジ)ittō no hitsujione sheep
counter for insects (used only in biology)

頭(とう) • (tō)

head

“△頭”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[13] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015-2026

From Middle Chinese 頭 (MC duw).

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tu]
Phonetic hangul: [두]

頭 (eumhun 머리 두 (meori du))

Hanja form? of 두 (“head”).

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [14]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

頭(つぃぶる) (cïburu)