落

落 U+843D, 落 ← 萼[U+843C] CJK Unified Ideographs 萾 →[U+843E] 落 U+F918, 落 ← 珞[U+F917] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 酪 →[U+F919] Stroke order Simplified Chinese and Japanese

落 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, Cangjie input 廿水竹口 (TEHR), four-corner 44164, composition ⿱艹洛)

• 𡀩, 𢣅, 𭢥, 𣋛, 𥋷, 𭘹, 𮆗, 𫄈, 𨮎, 𮒏

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1043, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31362
• Dae Jaweon: page 1503, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3255, character 8
• Unihan data for U+843D

• Unihan data for U+F918

trad. 落 simp. # 落

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 洛 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *klaʔ (“to fall”) (STEDT under PTB *(k/g)la-k/y/t, Schuessler, 2007):

within Sinitic, cognate to 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) “dew”, 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs, “down, below, to descend, to fall down”) , 陊 (OC *l’aːlʔ, *l’alʔ) “to collapse” and 阤 (OC *l’alʔ, *hljalʔ) “hillside, slope”; outside of Sinitic, cognate to Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”) and thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall”) and ချ (hkya., “to drop”).

Schuessler attributes OC *r-, instead of expected **l-, to possible Austroasiatic influence: compare Khmer [script needed] (gra’ka, “be low, debased”) < [script needed] (-ra’ka, “to fall, below, cover from above”). However, Matisoff (2003) identifies several ST etyma which display TB *(C‑)l- vs. OC *(C‑)r‑ correspondence (e.g. *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”) → 良 (OC *raŋ), *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) → 領 (OC *reŋʔ), etc.) and TB *(C‑)r- vs. OC *(C‑)l‑ (e.g. *g-rjum (“salt”) → 鹽 (OC *ɡ·lam)); so irregularities in correspondence do not necessarily indicate foreign influences.

Contemporary southern usage possibly reinforced by a Kra-Dai term. The term has been associated with Zhuang loengx (“to fall”).

Zhengzhang suggested that Pronunciation 2 was a result of loss of final consonant of the retained Old Chinese Pronunciation 1.

落

1. to fall; to drop 落淚／落泪 ― luòlèi ― to shed tears 隕石為什麼總是落在隕石坑裡？ [MSC, trad.]陨石为什么总是落在陨石坑里？ [MSC, simp.]Yǔnshí wèishénme zǒngshì luò zài yǔnshíkēng lǐ? [Pinyin]Why do meteors always fall right into craters? (a joke question) 落水 ― luòshuǐ ― to fall into the water
   • 花落知多少 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]From: 689—740, 孟浩然 (Meng Haoran), 《春曉》 (“A Spring Day’s Morning”)huā luò zhī duōshǎo [Pinyin]How many are the fallen flowers?
   • 誤落塵網中，一去三十年。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]误落尘网中，一去三十年。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Tao Yuanming, 歸園田居‧其一Wù luò chén wǎng zhōng, yī qù sānshí nián. [Pinyin]But by mistakes I fell in mundane snares, and thus was entangled for thirteen years.
2. (intransitive) (to go to a lower place)
   1. to go down; to descend; to set 日落 ― rìluò ― sunset 潮水落了。 ― Cháoshuǐ luò le. ― The tide is low. 鳥兒落在樹枝上。 [MSC, trad.]鸟儿落在树枝上。 [MSC, simp.]Niǎo’ér luò zài shùzhī shàng. [Pinyin]The bird lands on the branch
      1. (Cantonese, Southern Min) to go down; to descend (of a person, animal, etc.) 落樓梯／落楼梯 [Cantonese] ― lok6 lau4 tai1 [Jyutping] ― to go down the stairs 我落一落樓下。 [Cantonese, trad.]我落一落楼下。 [Cantonese, simp.]ngo5 lok6 jat1 lok6 lau4 haa6. [Jyutping]I will go downstairs for a while.
   2. to decline; to sink; to come down 衰落 ― shuāiluò ― to decline; to go downhill 家道中落 ― jiādàozhōngluò ― the family fortunes has declined 落到這步田地／落到这步田地 ― luò dào zhè bù tiándì ― to come down to such a plight
   3. to fall onto; to rest with (of responsibility, power, position, etc.) 大權旁落／大权旁落 ― dàquánpángluò ― power has fallen into the hands of others 這個任務落到了我身上。 [MSC, trad.]这个任务落到了我身上。 [MSC, simp.]Zhège rènwù luò dào le wǒ shēnshàng. [Pinyin]This task falls onto our shoulders.
   4. (Cantonese, Southern Min, Wu) to get off; to alight; to exit; to disembark (a vehicle) 落船 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― lok6 syun4 [Jyutping] ― to disembark from a boat 落車／落车 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― lok6 ce1 [Jyutping] ― to alight; to exit a car 落車／落车 [Hokkien] ― lo̍h-chhia [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to alight; to exit a car
   5. (Cantonese, Eastern Min, Southern Min, dialectal Wu) to finish; to complete (class or work) 落課／落课 ― lo̍hkè ― to finish class
   6. (Cantonese) to go to a more lively and bustling area (especially downtown)
   7. (Cantonese, Eastern Min, Mainland China Hokkien) to go to somewhere inferior or subordinate 落鄉／落乡 [Hokkien] ― lo̍h-hiuⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to go to the countryside
   8. (Cantonese, Hokkien, Teochew) down [onto; to] 打落地下度 [Cantonese] ― daa2 lok6 dei6 haa6-2 dou6 [Jyutping] ― to hit something and cause it to fall to the ground
3. (transitive) (to move something to a lower place)
   1. to lower; to let fall; to let down 我把簾子落下來。 [MSC, trad.]我把帘子落下来。 [MSC, simp.]Wǒ bǎ liánzi luò xiàlái. [Pinyin]I lowered the blinds. 落價／落价 [Hokkien] ― lo̍h-kè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to fall in price
   2. (literary) to write down (with a pen)
   3. (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Min, Southern Pinghua, Wu, Xiang) to fall down; to rain or snow 啲雨一滴都未落佢已經喺度攞住把遮行。 [Cantonese, trad.]啲雨一滴都未落佢已经喺度𫽋住把遮行。 [Cantonese, simp.]di1 jyu5 jat1 dik1 dou1 mei6 lok6 keoi5 ji5 ging1 hai2 dou6 lo2 zyu6 baa2 ze1 haang4. [Jyutping]He had already started to carry an umbrella before the rain even began to fall.
   4. (Cantonese, Southern Min) to add; to put in (into food, a mixture, etc.) 落味精 [Cantonese] ― lok6 mei6 zing1 [Jyutping] ― to add MSG 落石屎 [Cantonese] ― lok6 sek6 si2 [Jyutping] ― to pour concrete
   5. (Cantonese, Hokkien) to give or issue something to an inferior person 落旨 [Cantonese] ― lok6 zi2 [Jyutping] ― to issue a decree 落叉廚／落叉厨 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― lok6 caa1 cyu4 [Jyutping] ― to issue a charge 落公文 [Hokkien] ― lo̍h kong-bûn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to issue an official document
   6. (Cantonese) to get into or to have put on something 肥到著唔落條褲 [Cantonese, trad.]肥到著唔落条裤 [Cantonese, simp.]fei4 dou3 zoek3 m4 lok6 tiu4 fu3 [Jyutping]too fat to put on the pair of pants
   7. (Cantonese) to abort (a fetus) 你咁狠心落咗佢。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]nei5 gam3 han2 sam1 lok6 zo2 keoi5. [Jyutping]How cruel of you to abort it.
   8. (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to fell; to lop; to cut down; to hew (trees)
4. (Cantonese) added after a verb to express a reassessment after doing or experiencing something for a certain period of time 佢睇落幾靚仔。 [Cantonese, trad.]佢睇落几靓仔。 [Cantonese, simp.]keoi5 tai2 lok6 gei2 leng3 zai2. [Jyutping]He seems to be quite handsome. 做落先知原來咁難。 [Cantonese, trad.]做落先知原来咁难。 [Cantonese, simp.]zou6 lok6 sin1 zi1 jyun4 loi4 gam3 naan4. [Jyutping]Only after doing it for a while do you realize how difficult it is.
5. to stop; to cease 落腳／落脚 ― luòjiǎo ― to stop over; to put up 話音未落／话音未落 ― huàyīn wèi luò ― before one has finished speaking
6. to lag behind; to fall behind 落選／落选 ― luòxuǎn ― to lose an election 落伍 ― luòwǔ ― to be behind the times
7. to leave behind; to stay behind 不落痕跡／不落痕迹 ― bùluòhénjì ― to leave no trace
8. place where one stays; whereabouts 下落 ― xiàluò ― whereabouts
9. settlement; place to gather together 村落 ― cūnluò ― village
10. small area; short part 段落 ― duànluò ― paragraph
11. to get; to receive; to have 落不是 ― làobùshi ― to get blamed 落褒貶／落褒贬 ― làobāobiǎn ― to receive praise and criticism 落埋怨 ― làomáiyuàn ― to take the blame
12. (Eastern Min) Classifier for residences.
13. (Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) to fade (of color)
14. (Hokkien) Classifier for a row of houses.
15. (Hokkien) to omit; to leave out
16. (Hokkien) to disassemble; to dismantle
17. (Hokkien) to have diarrhea
18. (Hokkien) to leak (of water or gas)
19. (Hokkien) to coax out of somebody; to trick somebody into telling (of a secret, information, the truth, etc.)
20. (Hokkien) to fall off; to drop off (from somewhere)
21. (Hokkien) to lose; to misplace
22. (Mainland China Hokkien) to get along well
23. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) loose; about to fall off (often reduplicated)
24. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for events, deals, etc..
25. (Xiamen Hokkien) to divide into; to split up into
26. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to unload (cargo, etc.)
27. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to show off one’s skills in speaking (a certain language)
28. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to gather (one’s own men) to help (used to gather a crowd for a fight)
29. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to shake a container to let something fall out
30. (Zhangzhou Hokkien, of wind) to blow
31. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to space out; to leave distances in between
32. a surname

• (to omit):

• (to disassemble): 拆卸 (chāixiè); (Hokkien) 拆落

• (to leak): 洩／泄 (xiè)
• (to coax out of somebody): 套 (tào); (Hokkien) 擢 (tioh)
• (classifier for events): 樁／桩 (zhuāng)
• (to blow): 颳／刮 (guā)

• 加 (jiā, “to add”)
• 掉 (diào)

• → Ai-Cham: lau⁵
• → Thai: โละ (ló) (via Teochew loh8)
• → Vietnamese: lạc

trad. 落 simp. # 落 alternative forms 賴／赖 Cantonese

落

1. (colloquial) to leave out; to be missing; to omit
2. (colloquial) to leave behind; to forget to bring 我把鑰匙落家裡了。 [MSC, trad.]我把钥匙落家里了。 [MSC, simp.]Wǒ bǎ yàoshi là jiālǐ le. [Pinyin]I left my key(s) at home. 佢又試賴低個女自己一個喺屋企。 [Cantonese, trad.]佢又试赖低个女自己一个喺屋企。 [Cantonese, simp.]keoi5 jau6 si3 laai6 dai1 go3 neoi5-2 zi6 gei2 jat1 go3 hai2 uk1 kei2. [Jyutping]He has once again left his daughter behind at home alone by herself.
3. (colloquial) to fall behind; to lag behind

• (Mandarin)
  • “落”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• (Cantonese)
  • “落”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014-
• (Hakka)
  • “落”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
  • “落”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
  • “落”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
  • “落”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• (Hokkien)
  • “落”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
  • “落”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
  • “落”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
  • “落”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
  • “落”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
  • “落”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
• (Puxian Min)
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “落”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 245.

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. to fall
2. to leave behind
3. to drop
4. to come down

• Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おちる (ochiru, 落ちる, Jōyō)、おとす (otosu, 落とす, Jōyō)、さと (sato, 落)
• Nanori: おち (ochi)

• 落(お)ちる (ochiru)

From Middle Chinese 落 (MC lak). Recorded as Middle Korean 락〮 (lák) (Yale: lak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

落 (eumhun 떨어질 락 (tteoreojil rak), word-initial (South Korea) 떨어질 낙 (tteoreojil nak))

1. hanja form? of 락/낙 (“fall”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

落 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of lảc.

• Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

落: Hán Việt readings: lạc[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] 落: Nôm readings: lác[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], rác[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], rạc[1][2][3][4][7], nhác[1][2][4], lạc[3][5][7], dạc[1][2], lát[3][4], xạc[3][4], lắc[1], rặc[1]

1. chữ Hán form of lạc (“to go stray; to lose”)
2. chữ Nôm form of lác
   1. sedge (family Cyperaceae)
   2. used in lác đác (“scattered; dispersed; spattered”)
3. chữ Nôm form of lắc (“to shake; to wag; to bump”)
4. chữ Nôm form of nhác (“(archaic or literary) to catch sight of”)
5. chữ Nôm form of rác (“(obsolete) short, scattered straws and stalks”)
6. chữ Nôm form of rặc (“(of the tide) low; ebb”)